Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) utilizing Grubbs’ third-generation catalyst ((H2IMes)(Cl)2(pyr)2RuCHPh) shows the characteristics of living polymerizations, including molecular weights increasing with monomer conversion and ability to make (multi)block copolymers. However, irreversible termination reactions still occur due decomposition, leading terminated chains, especially in co...

The contribution of solvent-solvent hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions to the attraction between methane molecules in water was investigated by comparing the potential of mean force (PMF) between two methane molecules in TIP4P water to those in a series of related liquids in which the solvent-solvent interactions were progressively turned off while keeping the solvent-solute intera...

The conformation of a polymer chain in solution is coupled to the local structure of the surrounding solvent and can undergo large changes in response to variations in solvent density and temperature. The many-body effects of solvent on the structure of an n-mer polymer chain can be formally mapped to an exact n-body solvation potential. Here, we use a pair decomposition of this n-body potentia...

N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or Pharmasolve is very strong solubilizing agent and it has important applications in different fields of industry. This review presents NMP physicochemical characteristics, application especially in pharmaceutical sciences, pharmacokinetic and toxicity. Characteristics of NMP such as physicochemical properties, solubilization efficacy, toxicity and adverse effects ...