The absorption and fluorescence spectra of a model diatomic molecule with a charge-transfer electronic transition are simulated. The effect of confining the solvent in which the diatomic molecule is dissolved is examined by comparing results for solutions contained within hydrophobic spherical cavities of varying size ~radii of 10–20 Å!. The effect of solvent polarity is also considered by comp...

Perfusion studies were performed in healthy volunteers to test the hypothesis that net fluid secretion induced by fatty acids is accompanied by parallel reduction in solute transport. Ricinoleic acid provoked a marked net secretion of fluid and concomitantly inhibited the absorption of all solutes tested; these included glucose, xylose, L-leucine, L-lysine, Folic acid, and 2-mono-olein. Oleic a...

Perfusion studies were performed in healthy volunteers to test the hypothesis that net fluid secretion induced by fatty acids is accompanied by parallel reduction in solute transport. Ricinoleic acid provoked a marked net secretion of fluid and concomitantly inhibited the absorption of all solutes tested; these included glucose, xylose, L-leucine, L-lysine, folic acid, and 2-mono-olein. Oleic a...

The permeability of frog skin under the influence of urea hyperosmolarity has been studied. Flux ratio asymmetry has been demonstrated again for tracer mannitol. The inhibitors DNP, CN(-), and ouabain have been used to eliminate active sodium transport and it was found that urea hyperosmolarity produces asymmetrical mannitol fluxes on frog skins having no short-circuit current. These findings s...

Intermolecular interactions regulate the molecular properties in proteins and solutions such as solvatochromic systems. Some of the interactions have to be described at an electronic-structure level. In this study, a commutator for calculating the excitation energy is used for deriving a first-order interacting space (FOIS) to describe the environmental response to solute excitation. The FOIS w...

Antibiotic penetration into microbial biofilm was investigated theoretically by the solution of mathematical equations describing various combinations of the processes of diffusion, sorption, and reaction. Unsteady material balances on the antibiotic and on a reactive or sorptive biomass constituent, along with associated boundary and initial conditions, constitute the mathematical formulations...

This paper describes and evaluates a new framework for modeling kinetic gas-particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) that takes into account diffusion and chemical reaction within the particle phase. The framework uses a combination of (a) an analytical quasisteady-state treatment for the diffusion–reaction process within the particle phase for fast-reacting organic solutes, and...

X-ray fluorescence holography was applied to dilute Mg99.2Zn0.2Y0.6 alloy annealed at 520°C for 5 h obtain atomic images around Zn atom. In spite of the extremely low concentration solute-element, clear hologram patterns were obtained. The reconstructed revealed that atom in this mainly occupy hcp Mg site. This finding is consistent with transmission electron microscope image, where fcc-type st...

The process of formation of Marx line is studied in this article. Various theories have been proposed previously, in order to explain the mechanisms which lead to the development of Marx line. These theories are based on the characteristics of stained area and do not pay attention to the behavior of dye solution itself on the surface. The aim of this study is to investigate the latter behavior ...

We present a theory for the temperature and density dependence of the vibrational lifetime T1 and the vibrational line position n of a solute in a supercritical solvent, both close to and far from the critical point. The theory is based on the relation between a classical force correlation function and T1 and n. The force correlation function is determined from density functional theory, and ca...