MACRO was a large multipurpose underground detector located in the Hall B of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The detector, which took data until December 2000, was arranged in a modular structure of six “supermodules” with global dimensions of 76.5 × 12 × 9.3m and a total acceptance of ∼ 10, 000 msr to an isotropic flux of particles. It was made by several layers of liquid scintillatio...

Background: The natural radioactivity level and the radon concentration of soil were measured at four important geothermal area located in Dikili geothermal region, Turkey. Materials and Methods: The natural radionuclide content of soil samples were measured by NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometer system and the soil radon concentration were determined using Kodak-Pethe LR-115 Type II Solid State Nuclear...

Background: A substantial part of the public’s natural radiation dose is due to the inhalation of radon gas. Most of the exposure occurs indoors where the airborne concentration of radon and its decay products is usually higher than outdoors. Materials and Methods: Radon activity concentration has been measured twice in 50 classrooms in 5 levels (10 each) during summer and winter using solid-st...

Since the dawn of the nuclear weapons era, political, military, and scientific leaders around the world have been working to contain the proliferation of Special Nuclear Material and explosively fissile material. This paper describes the construction of a prototype, directional, fast neutron detector, modeled after the Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber. Fast neutrons are emitted by a host of ...

Neutron capture-induced nuclear recoils have emerged as an important tool for detector calibrations in direct dark matter detection and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE${\nu}$NS). $\texttt{nrCascadeSim}$ is a command-line generating simulation data energy deposits resulting from neutron capture on pure materials. Presently, silicon, germanium, neon, argon are supported. While th...

Estimation of equilibrium factor (F), equilibrium equivalent concentration (EEC), inhalation dose and its seasonal variation in indoor atmosphere of Hardoi District were carried out in sixty dwellings of 10 different villages. In the present study the average values of radon and thoron equilibrium factor was found to 0.26 and 0.06 respectively in summer season, 0.31 and 0.05 respectively in rai...

In this study a comparative integrating radon (Rn) and thoron (Rn) survey executed at underground workplaces are discussed. Two types of solid state nuclear track detectors (Radopot and Raduet) were applied for survey at four sites: a manganese mine, a bauxite mine, a tourist cave and a hospital cave. Several numbers of detecting points were chosen at each site and 1-1 Raduet and Radopot detect...

Closed form analytical equations used to calculate the collection solid angle of six common geometries of solid-state X-ray detectors in scanning and scanning/transmission analytical electron microscopy are presented. Using these formulae one can make realistic comparisons of the merits of the different detector geometries in modern electron column instruments. This work updates earlier formula...