A glucose micro-electrode was developed for direct measurements inside biofilms, and applied for the determination of effective diffusion coefficients in a model system of agar beads containing immobilized yeast cells. Two methods were used, one based on concentration gradients present at the liquid/solid interface of an active biofilm under steady-state conditions, the other based on the rate ...

Highly selective and sensitive phosphate sensors have been fabricated by constructing a solid membrane disk consisting of variable mixtures of aluminium powder (Al), aluminium phosphate (AlPO4) and powdered copper (Cu). Both binary and ternary electrode systems are produced. The ternary membranes exhibit greater selectivity over a wide range of concentrations. The ternary electrode with the com...

A combination of experimental measurements and numerical simulations are used to characterize the mechanical and electrochemical response of thin film amorphous Si electrodes during cyclic lithiation. Parameters extracted from the experiment include the variation of elastic modulus and the flow stress as functions of Li concentration; the strain rate sensitivity; the diffusion coefficient for L...

Abstract A quasi-solid-state lithium battery is assembled by plasma sprayed amorphous Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) electrode and ceramic/polymer composite electrolyte with a little liquid (10 µL/cm 2 ) to provide the outstanding electrochemical stability better normal interface contact. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Microscopy (STEM), (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) were ...

Interpretation of the impedance (or admittance) spectrum of the silver/ /silver iodide electrode in aqueous solution has been amatter of dispute for some timel-4 and, considering the recent paper by Kvastek and Horvat," it stil is. There are a number of basic aspects which seem to obscure the discussion and the present note is intended to point them out explicitly. First of all, it will be usef...

Electrochemotherapy is a treatment based on combination of chemotherapeutic drug and electroporation. It is used in clinics for treatment of solid tumours. For electrochemotherapy of larger tumours multiple needle electrodes were already suggested. We developed and tested electrode commutation circuit, which controls up to 19 electrodes independently. Each electrode can be in one of three possi...

The electrochemical deposition and re-oxidation of solid carbon were studied in CO3(2-) ion-containing molten salts (e.g. CaCl2-CaCO3-LiCl-KCl and Li2CO3-K2CO3) at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C under Ar, CO2 or N2-CO2 atmospheres. The electrode reactions were investigated by thermodynamic analysis, cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry in a three-electrode cell under various conditio...

The performance of novel solid state Thick-Film pH sensors for water quality sampling that are designed for deployment in remote catchment areas is described. These miniaturised screen printed planar pH sensors are an alternative to conventional glass pH electrodes that have many disadvantages such as high-cost, large size, mechanical fragility and limited shape. The approach adopted here for i...

a rapid isocratic method of high performance liquid chromatography system (hplc) with a glassy carbon working electrode of electrochemical detector is set up for quantitative detection of  trace amount of nitrite ion (no2¯) in aqueous protein containing cell lysate, cell media, plasma, serum, urine and other body fluids. the solid extraction  reversed phase cartridges (sep-pak) are used for dep...

The investigation of particles and droplets immobilized on electrode surface has become an interesting and important field of electrochemistry.1–38 It has proven useful in solving both fundamental and applied issues, e.g. determination of thermodynamic data of solid compounds, elucidation of solid-to-solid electrochemical reactions accompanied by phase transitions, qualitative and quantitative ...