To enhance the vegetation signal in remotely sensed data and provide an approximate measure of live green vegetation, a number of spectral vegetation indices have been developed to estimate biophysical parameters of vegetation. The sensitivity of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to the soil background and atmospheric effects has generated an increasing interest in the developme...

This work introduces a new vision-based approach for estimating chlorophyll contents in a plant leaf using reflectance and transmittance as base parameters. Images of the top and underside of the leaf are captured. To estimate the base parameters (reflectance/transmittance), a novel optical arrangement is proposed. The chlorophyll content is then estimated by using linear regression where the i...

This paper presents a set of spectral reflectance data of numerous surface cover types of the Big Pine Creek watershed in California’s Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains. Ground cover vegetative types include several samples of deciduous broad leaf and narrow leaf trees, needle leaf conifers, sages, and needle leaf and broad leaf shrubs. In addition, several litter samples as well as soil and rock...

Acala cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, var. Maxxa) was planted into a split-plot factorial design field trial on the Shafter Research and Extension Center, Shafter, CA. The two main treatments were optimum irrigation (Io) and stressed irrigation (Is) containing five levels of soil nitrogen availability (-100, -50, optimum, +50, and +100 lbs N/ac). The objective of this field trial was to determine i...

Remote sensing has been proposed as a method for implementing an inseason spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) nitrogen (N) fertilization program. However, in fields where yields are influenced by both water and N stress, accurate N recommendations require that that the N and water stress signals be separated from each other. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of water and N st...

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy offers a nondestructive means for measurement of C in soils based on the The ability to inventory soil C on landscapes is limited by the reflectance spectra of illuminated soil. Both the NIR ability to rapidly measure soil C. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopic (400–2500 nm) and MIR (2500–25 000 nm) region have analysis in the near-infrared (NIR, 400–2500 nm) and ...

An increasingly common requirement in remote sensing is the integration of hyperspectral data collected simultaneously from different sensors (and fore-optics) operating across different wavelength ranges. Data from one module are often relied on to correct information in the other, such as aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and columnar water vapor (CWV). This paper describes problems associated ...

Simple equation to approximate the bidirectional reflectance from vegetative canopies and bare soil surfaces, " Appl. A reflectance model for the homogeneous plant canopy and its inversion, " Remote Sens. Geometric-optical bidirectional reflectance modeling of the discrete crown vegetation canopy: Effect of crown shape and mutual shadowing, " IEEE Trans. On the derivation of kernels for kernel-...

Infrared reflectance spectra of carefully selected Mars soil analog materials have been measured under low atmospheric pressures and temperatures. Chemically altered montmorillonites containing ferrihydrite and hydrated ferric sulfate complexes are examined, as well as synthetic ferrihydrite and a palagonitic soil from Haleakala, Maui. Reflectance spectra of these analog materials exhibit subtl...