In this research, the effects of irrigation with saline and fresh water through drip irrigation method and using two irrigation management strategies: M1, M2 (M1 is irrigation with fresh water in alternative with saline water, M2 is saline water in first half time of each irrigation event and fresh water in the second half), on the yield, water productivity (WP), soil salinity, plant height...

The total productivity of social groups can be determined by interactions among their constituents. Chimaeric load--the reduction of group productivity caused by antagonistic within-group heterogeneity--may be common in heterogeneous microbial groups due to dysfunctional behavioural interactions between distinct individuals. However, some instances of chimaerism in social microbes can increase ...

An experiment was carried out to study residual effect of organic wastes amendment on productivity of an ultisol.The field was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments of 20 t ha equivalent to 8kg/plot of burnt rice mill waste (BRMW), unburnt rice mill waste (URMW), sawdust (SD) and control which were replicated five times to give a total of twenty experimental units....

In forests, termites serve as “soil engineers,” translocating mineral soil to the surface, constructing macropores to improve water infiltration, increase soil minerals and organic carbon, facilitate the growth of microbes and affect the growth of vegetation. The future productivity of a forest site therefore depends to some degree on termite activity. termites could reduce the probability of f...

The degree to which soil resource availability is linked to patterns of microbial activity and plant productivity within ecosystems has important consequences for our understanding of how ecosystems are structured and for the management of systems for agricultural production. We studied this linkage in a 48-ha site in southwest Michigan, USA, that had been cultivated and planted to row crops fo...

Brazil has the largest commercial beef cattle herd in the world (over 190 million head in 2006) [1], with cultivated pastures occupying about 150 million hectares of its territory [2]. On a biome basis, the most extensive pasture occupation is found in the Cerrado (~ 546,251 km, amounting to about 26.8% of the total biome area and 36.8% of the total pasture area in Brazil), the Brazilian savann...

A high-density plantation of three genotypes of Populus was exposed to an elevated concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO(2)]; 550 micromol mol(-1)) from planting through canopy closure using a free-air CO(2) enrichment (FACE) technique. The FACE treatment stimulated gross primary productivity by 22 and 11% in the second and third years, respectively. Partitioning of extra carbon (C) among C pool...

Soil enzyme activities are the direct expression of the soil community to metabolic requirements and available nutrients. While the diversity of soil organisms is important, the capacity of soil microbial communities to maintain functional diversity of those critical soil processes through disturbance, stress or succession could ultimately be more important to ecosystem productivity and stabili...

Based on the hypothesis that soil properties and productivity components should be affected by different tillage methods, field laboratory experiments were conducted to study effects of zero (ZT), one pass disc plough (P), plus harrow (PH) two passes (PHH) distribution bulk density, available water capacity, pH, organic matter, phosphorus, iron oxide aluminium at depths, their productivity. The...

The Activities of the wide range of organisms in soil play an important role in natural ecosystems. Their processes contribute to the soil’s health, ability to retain nutrients and make them available for plant. Soil biological, physical and chemical processes are interrelated and all contribute to plant health & productivity. The chemical and physical environment in soil will influence the bio...