Objectives: To obtain the data regarding the effects of sodium valproate on enhancement of monoamines mediated behavioural responses following administration of ECS for ten days to rats. Methods: Forty rats were selected for the study in which tonic-clonic seizures were developed fully after giving single maximal electroconvulsive shock (150V, 210mA). Four groups (n= ten in each) were received ...

BACKGROUND Sodium valproate is a highly effective treatment for bipolar disorder, but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. We recently found with differential display polymerase chain reaction that valproate regulates the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress protein GRP78 in the rat cerebral cortex. In our study, we investigated the effect of this drug on the other membe...

background and objective: copper is one of the main micronutrients of body which plays a key role as a cofactor in the function of metabolic enzymes. previous studies have shown that copper sulfate () inhibits long-term potentiation (ltp) in slices of hippocampal ca1 region. whereas ltp is involved in learning and epilepsy, it seems that copper effects on ltp could be associated with its effect...

WARNING: LIFE THREATENING ADVERSE REACTIONS Hepatotoxicity General Population: Hepatic failure resulting in fatalities has occurred in patients receiving valproate and its derivatives. These incidents usually have occurred during the first six months of treatment. Serious or fatal hepatotoxicity may be preceded by nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, weakness, lethargy, facial edema, anorexia,...

BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BP) is a mental illness that has a high social burden estimated by disability-adjusted life years. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of olanzapine-valproate combination therapy versus olanzapine or valproate monotherapy in the treatment of bipolar I mania in a Chinese population group. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Patients aged 19-58 years who had had an ...

Four infants who were exposed to sodium valproate or valproic acid during pregnancy are described. Common facial features in the three surviving infants include epicanthic folds, a flat nasal bridge, a broad nasal base, anteverted nostrils, a shallow philtrum, and a thin upper lip with a thick lower lip. Ridging of the metopic suture, congenital heart defect, postaxial polydactyly, and hypospad...