statistical data from 1966 till 1995 showed that neural tube defects, in the american continent, venezuela had the highest prevalence of 38.9 and some latin american countries showed the low of 7.7. in europe, norway had the highest prevalence of 68, and denmark the lowest, 5.8. in asia, india had the highest of 181.8 and japan the lowest of 10. in africa, nigeria had the highest of 70 and negr...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Bats are recognized as a major reservoir of lyssaviruses; however, no bat lyssavirus has been isolated in Asia except for Aravan and Khujand virus in Central Asia. All Chinese lyssavirus isolates in previous reports have been of species rabies virus, mainly from dogs. Following at least two recent bat-associated human rabies-like cases in northeast China, we have initi...

In regions like south of “ khouzestan” that water table are high, under the effect of water rise moving through capillary fringe and its vaporize,  the salts move to soil surface and cause salin or salin and sodic soils. Leaching assign as one of those adjustment soils methods. In order to investigate the leaching process and draw the curves of desalinization and dealkalization in region of Dar...

Salt-affected soils contain high levels of soluble salts (saline soil) and exchangeable sodium (alkali soil). Globally, about 932 million ha (Mha), including 831 Mha agricultural land, is salt-affected. Salinity sodicity adversely affect soil microbial diversity enzymatic activities, thereby carbon nitrogen dynamics greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils. In this review article, we synthesiz...

Deep ripping, in conjunction with gypsum and/or organic amendment, is known to be useful for removing physical constraints and improving crop yields dispersive subsoils. However, the benefits are short-lived due lateral movement of Na into soil between rip lines, slumping following wetting loosened soil, leaving low pore volume air water movement. This study evaluated effect high concentration ...

In contrast to developments in other world regions, efforts to institutionalize regional economic cooperation in East Asia have been weak. Though Southeast Asian economies have taken action toward trade liberalization (ASEAN Free Trade Area), the major economies of the region such as China, Japan and Korea have not been part of any formal trade groupings until recently. Ongoing economic coopera...

This paper discusses recent steps China has taken to open its capital account and presents empirical evidence on asset market linkages between China and Asia. We find only weak crosscountry linkages in longer-term interest rates, but much stronger linkages in equity markets. Moreover, we find that the strength of the correlation of equity prices changes between China and other Asia countries in...

the asiatic citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama (hom.: psyllidae), is one of the most important pests on citrus in tropical and subtropical asia. it was detected in iran during the recent years and distributed in some parts of hormozgan and sistan-baluchestan provinces. during the survey carried out to determine natural enemies of this psyllid, a nymphal parasitoid wasp was identified as ...

Large areas of cultivated land in China, Japan and Thailand have been contaminated with lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) to the extent that demonstrable effects on human health have been reported. The extent of contamination virtually prohibits either removal of soils or agricultural utilization. Phytoremediation, the use of plants to extract toxic metals from soils, is one of the only via...