Recent advances in nano technology lead to nanorobots, which are effectively used as nanomedicine. Future medical nanotechnology has been imagined to employ nanorobots injected into the human body to perform treatment on a cellular level. Every nanorobot placed inside the human body will encounter immune system as obstacles during flowing within a human body. Thus nanorobot must use strategy fo...

Swarm intelligence was originally inspired in social behaviour in nature, also considering the evolving aspects, several variations in swarm intelligence’s techniques made it applicable to optimization problems. In this paper two case studies of static environment, composed with obstacles are presented and evaluated, a comparative study is evaluated between two techniques of swarm intelligence ...

This article addresses key questions arising from the economic and social disparities that individuals with disabilities experience in the United States. For instance, "What role does corporate culture play in the employment of people with disabilities?" "How does it facilitate or hinder their employment and promotional opportunities, and how can corporations develop supportive cultures that be...

Product lifecycle management (PLM) is a strategy of managing a company’s products all the way across their lifecycles. Empowered by new capabilities, intelligent products enable seamless information flow and thus enable closed-loop PLM. Hence, one phenomenon of particular interest is the appreciation of beginning of life activities through middle of life information. Grounded on empirical data ...

For reasons of population policy and missionary strategies, childcare was a relatively early issue of colonial medical policy and services in East Africa. The main challenge for the adaptation of biomedicine to the local situation proved to be not so much schemes for treatment or prevention, but rather the question of staffing. Education and employment of females, as well as social acceptance a...

Existing programs concerning patients with low vision do not readily meet the needs of the patient with acquired monocular vision. This article illustrates the development, need, and benefits of an Acquired Monocular Vision Rehabilitation evaluation and training program. This proposed program will facilitate the organization of vision rehabilitation with eye care professionals and social casewo...

The spread of smuggling needs to be understood in the context of globalisation and greatly increased migration. Prospects of a better life abroad, poverty, economic marginalisation, political and social unrest and conflict are all incentives to move. Global media and transportation networks make movement easier. As push and pull factors encourage increasing numbers of people to migrate, they in...

Recognising that approximately one third or more of food is lost or wasted globally every year, this represents a significant challenge to food security. At the same time, however, the reduction of this waste/loss represents a major opportunity to strengthen food security and economic and social development. Yet various fundamental obstacles exist that hinder actions to tackle food waste and lo...

The knowledge process (including creation, dissemination, and utilization) is discussed in relationship to Value Engineering (VE) theory and practice. This paper presents a conceptual framework to guide development of the management of innovation. Concepts and issues from diverse social science disciplines are combined to develop an interdependent set of critical concepts. The issue of diffusio...

the aim of this study was to use ahp method to rank the obstacles to improving professional ethics in sport media. in the first step, the existing obstacles were identified by review of literature, searching the authentic websites and finally interview with sport media experts. after this step, the hierarchy tree was portrayed to rank the obstacles and then the analytical hierarchy process (ahp...