In this article, we propose a novel method that aims to improve upon existing moving-target defences by making them unpredictably reactive using probabilistic decision-making. We postulate unpredictability can network in two key capacities: (1) re-configuring the direct response detected threats, tailored current threat and security posture, (2) deceiving adversaries pseudo-random decision-maki...

1. The plant–herbivore arms race has been postulated to be amajor driver for generating biological and biochemical diversity on Earth. Herbivore feeding is reduced by the production of chemical and physical barriers, but increases plant resistance against subsequent attack. Accordingly, specialisation is predicted to be an outcome of herbivores being able to circumvent plant-induced defences. 2...