The preceding study (21) showed that a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist or antagonist injected into the superior colliculus (SC) disrupted saccadic eye movements. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine whether this result was due to altering the inhibitory input to the SC from the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). SNr cells are themselves inhibited by GABA. Injectio...

To design a reliable wireless system, its energy efficiency is an essential factor. As MIMO system has to suffer from fading, interferences and noises, the system should design in such a way that to compensate these problems. So interference alignment is included with MIMO interfering broadcast channel. This paper deals with the energy efficiency maximization of MIMO-IFBC system. When the energ...

The performance of a 16-channel receive-only RF coil for brain imaging at 3.0 Tesla was investigated using a custom-built 16-channel receiver. Both the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the noise amplification (g-factor) in sensitivity-encoding (SENSE) parallel imaging applications were quantitatively evaluated. Furthermore, the performance was compared with that of hypothetical coils with ...

The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) constitutes a major output nucleus of the basal ganglia where the final stage of information processing within this system takes place. In this study, using juxtacellular labeling and three-dimensional reconstruction methods, we investigated the spatial organization of the intranigral innervation provided by single GABAergic projection neurons from the...

In many applications, the quality of data gathered by sensor networks is directly related to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sensor data being transmitted in the networks. Different from the SNR that is often used in measuring the quality of communication links, the SNR used in this work measures how accurately the data in the network packets represent the physical parameters being sense...

New images of the radio Supernova Remnant (SNR) G65.1+0.6 are presented, based on the 408 MHz and 1420 MHz continuum emission and the HI-line emission data of the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS). A large shell-like structure seen in the 2695 MHz Effelsberg map appears to have nonthermal spectral index. HI observations show structures associated with the SNR G65.1+0.6 in the radial velocit...

The effect of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) mismatch on the bit error rate (BER) performance of Log-MAP turbo detector is studied. It is shown that the sensitivity to the mismatched SNR depends on the channel loss and the encoder memory length. In particular, the sensitivity is more important for a “difficult-to-equalize” channel or, in other words, a high-loss channel. In fact, by affecting the ...

Introduction: SNR is a common metric of image quality, but its calculation for parallel MRI reconstructions can be challenging. A number of methods of measuring SNR for phased array image reconstructions have been proposed, including direct SNR calculation [1], Monte Carlo based “pseudo multiple replica” SNR estimation [2] and estimation of SNR from multiple acquisitions [3]. Direct SNR calcula...

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and advanced related methods such as diffusion spectrum and kurtosis imaging are limited by low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at conventional field strengths. DTI at 7 T can provide increased SNR; however, B0 and B1 inhomogeneity and shorter T2⁎ still pose formidable challenges. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare SNR at 7 and 3 T for different par...

Power-efficient multicast routing is an active research field in wireless networks because most network nodes are powered by battery. However, this kind of multicast routing only considers the transmission radius coverage without addressing whether the signal quality is able to meet bandwidth requirement of the users. In this article, by leveraging on the Maximum Ratio Combining signal processi...