OBJECTIVE To assess qualitatively and quantitatively college students' perceived differences between a real meal, meal, and snack. DESIGN A descriptive study design was used to administer an 11-item online survey to college students. SETTING Two university campuses in the western US. PARTICIPANTS Pilot testing was conducted with 20 students. The final survey was completed by 628 ethnicall...

Recent evidence suggests that increasing dietary protein may alter reward-driven eating behavior. However, the link between protein and food reinforcement is not known. We sought to determine the extent to which increasing dietary protein alters food reinforcement in healthy adults. In a randomized crossover study, 11 women (age = 25 ± 7 years; Body Mass Index (BMI) = 21 ± 2 kg/m²) and 10 men (...

This study assessed the promotion of commercially produced foods and consumption of these products by children less than 24 months of age in Dakar Department, Senegal. Interviews with 293 mothers of children attending child health clinics assessed maternal exposure to promotion and maternal recall of foods consumed by the child on the preceding day. Promotion of breastmilk substitutes and comme...

The impact of television (TV) advertisements (commercials) on children's eating behaviour and health is of critical interest. In a preliminary study we examined lean, over weight and obese children's ability to recognise eight food and eight non-food related adverts in a repeated measures design. Their consumption of sweet and savoury, high and low fat snack foods were measured after both sessi...

In the present study, we examined the association between maternal education and unhealthy eating behaviour (the consumption of snack and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)) and explored environmental factors that might mediate this association in 11-year-old children. These environmental factors include home availability of snacks and SSB, parental rules about snack and SSB consumption, parental ...

BACKGROUND Efforts to improve snacking and drinking habits are needed to promote a healthy body mass index (BMI) in adolescents. Although commercial fitness and nutrition mobile phone apps are widely used, little is known regarding their potential to improve health behaviors, especially in adolescents. In addition, evidence on the mechanisms through which such fitness and nutrition apps influen...

Intervention: Intervention sites participated in learning collaboratives focused on policy and environmental changes to increase healthy eating, drinking, and physical activity opportunities during afterschool time (materials available at www.osnap.org). Collaboration between Boston Public Schools Food and Nutrition Services, afterschool staff, and researchers established water-delivery systems...

Good work for recognizing that how you fuel your body is just as important as the weights lifted, laps run, or miles walked. Glycogen is a carbohydrate stored in the muscles and liver and is vital for sustaining physical activity over long periods of time. When levels of glycogen are low, you can feel sluggish, weak and tired. During exercise, muscle glycogen is used as a source of energy for t...

Coconut slices (thickness 0.8 ± 0.1 mm) were osmotically dehydrated (0 min to 720 min) using filtrates of functional ingredients such as beet root, carrot, ginger and mint as impregnating solutions. During the osmotic process, the diffusion of minerals, organic acids, phenolics and vitamins between coconut slices and osmotic medium might have contributed various physico-chemical changes in acid...

The increase in obesity and lipid disorders in industrialized countries may be due to irregular eating patterns. Few studies have investigated the effects of nighttime snacking on energy metabolism. We examined the effects of nighttime snacking for 13 days on energy metabolism. Eleven healthy women (means ± SD; age: 23 ± 1 yr; body mass index: 20.6 ± 2.6 kg/m(2)) participated in this randomized...