PURPOSE To develop a mathematical model to estimate the relative differences in postoperative stromal tensile strength following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), LASIK, and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). METHODS Using previously published data where in vitro corneal stromal tensile strength was determined as a function of depth, a mathematical model was built to calculate the ...

A gummy smile is when there is too much exposure of the upper gingival during smiling. The appearance of the gingival contour depends on the underlying bony architecture. This is further influenced by factors like tooth position, the type of periodontium, the tooth form, aberrant muscle attachments and skeletal relationship. This review article focuses on the various factors influencing a gummy...

Beautiful smile is a booster to person's confidence. Gummy smile is a term used for excessive gingival display (EGD). Its etiology is multifactorial. Bone vertical maxillary excess (VME) is one of the cause of EGD. In this case series, lip repositioning was performed to treat mild to moderate degree of gingival display ( 2 to 8 mm) due to VME. Lip repositioning is simple, promising, meticulous ...

PURPOSE To compare the visual and refractive out-comes of femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK with small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in terms of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, aberrations, and dry eye. METHODS A single-center prospective randomized study in which patients diagnosed as having myopia presenting for refractive correction were allocated to either a LASIK or SMILE gro...

INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW The smile is a key factor in the composition of an individual’s overall beauty. Hence, it’s noticed the modern society’s growing demand for beautiful, healthy smiles. Within this context, orthodontics plays a role of paramount importance. Several parameters are available to assess smile esthetics, such as amount of gingival display, midline, buccal corridor, i...

Previous studies have found that various nonverbal behaviors performed by women are associated with men approaching. A female confederate was instructed either to smile or to not smile at a man when entering a bar. It was found that those men who were smiled at approached the woman and considered her more favorably. This effect is explained in accordance with studies that found smiling enhanced...

Gingival hyperpigmentation and the condition known as gummy smile are very common dental cosmetic problems. Gingival hyperpigmentation arises due to the excess presence of melanin in certain regions of the gums. In the case of gummy smile, more than the required amount of gingival tissue is exposed upon smiling. An aesthetically pleasing smile should expose only a negligible amount of gingival ...

What gives Mona Lisa s smile such a mysterious quality? Livingstone (2000) has suggested that the portrait changes its expression depending on where on the portrait the observer looks. The mouth, which is the essential feature of Mona Lisa s remarkable expression (Kontsevich & Tyler, 2004), appears to form an enigmatic smile. Due to sfumato technique (Gombrich, 2005), this impression of a smile...

Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is an alternative to Laser-Assisted in situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) for correction of myopia. In cases where surgeons inadvertently dissect the posterior surface first, identification of the anterior surface and subsequent removal become difficult since the anterior surface of the lenticule is compacted against the anterior stromal surface. This may re...

Refractive surgical treatment of hyperopia still remains a challenge for refractive surgeons. A new nomogram of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure has recently been developed for the treatment of hyperopia. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the wound healing and inflammatory responses of this new nomogram (hyperopic-SMILE), and compared them to those of hyperopic-las...