The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) of the transmit signal is considered to be one major drawback of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. This paper analyzes the tone reservation (TR) technique for PAR reduction. It is shown that the good performance of TR is paid with an increase in average transmit power. Therefore, an extension of the TR scheme is considered, whi...

A facile supported liquid membrane (SLM) system for the selective and efficient transport of silver ion is introduced. The SLM used is a thin porous polyvinyldifluoride membrane impregnated with hexathia-18-crown-6 (HT18C6) dissolved in nitrophenyloctyl ether. HT18C6 acts as a specific carrier for the uphill transport of Ag+ ion as its picrate ion paired complex through the SLM. In the presence...

We study the impact of richer syntactic dependencies on the performance of the structured language model (SLM) along three dimensions: parsing accuracy (LP/LR), perplexity (PPL) and worderror-rate (WER, N-best re-scoring). We show that our models achieve an improvement in LP/LR, PPL and/or WER over the reported baseline results using the SLM on the UPenn Treebank and Wall Street Journal (WSJ) c...

In order to perform an experiment into optical phase-only correlation it was necessary to fabricate an SLM to the highest standards possible. Chapter five has provided a background to the electronic operation of the 16×16 SLM and the liquid crystal light modulation mechanism used in this project. Actual fabrication of a working spatial light modulator is an extremely delicate process requiring ...

The paper presents a study on the portability of statistical syntactic knowledge in the framework of the structured language model (SLM). We investigate the impact of porting SLM statistics from the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) to the Air Travel Information System (ATIS) domain. We compare this approach to applying the Microsoft rule-based parser (NLPwin) for the ATIS data and to using a small amo...

A novel wavelength-switchable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) implemented based on a sigma architecture that is composed of a ring loop and a linear standing wave arm is experimentally demonstrated. Gain competition that prevents stable dual-wavelength oscillation is effectively suppressed by placing the gain medium in the standing-wave arm and by ...

ss as: Ba ersity – niversity es.2012.0 Abstract This paper presents a selected-mapping (SLM) based peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction technique for the localized single carrier frequency division multiple access (LFDMA) uplink system. The SLM is a distortionless technique as it selects the transmit signal with low PAPR from a set of alternative signals representing the same informatio...

Electrical address circuits developed for driving fast-switching ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulators (SLM) can be programmed to increase the speed of much slower responding nematic liquid-crystal SLMs. Using an addressing circuit that can switch as fast as 0.164 ms, voltages are programmed for values of phase that exceed the desired phase, and when the phase reaches the desire...

A high beam quality hundred picoseconds single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) laser is demonstrated based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) pulse compression and aberration compensation. Flash-lamp-pumped Q-switched Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) SLM laser with Cr:Y3Al5O12 (Cr4+:YAG) as a saturable absorber is used as the seed source. By combining master-oscillator-power-amplifier (MOPA), a compact singl...

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient method of data transmission. It is a base for high speed communication systems. The main drawback of OFDM system is that it suffers from high Peak – to – Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Due to high PAPR there is inefficient use of high power amplifier and this could limit transmission efficiency. OFDM consist of large number of indep...