Although a growing body of research indicates that frequent nightmares are related to impaired sleep regulation, the pathophysiology of nightmare disorder is far from being fully understood. We examined the relative spectral power values for NREM and REM sleep separately in 19 individuals with nightmare disorder and 21 healthy controls, based on polysomnographic recordings of the second nights'...

The assessment of different sleep stages and their disorders in diseases is an important part of telematic medicine. With an electroencephalogram, the different stages of sleep can be monitored and classified with respect to brain activity. By means of modern data management such as the patient monitor ixTrend, for example, the data can be recorded for long sleep phases and evaluated by a compu...

Sensory responses in neocortex are strongly modulated by changes in brain state, such as those observed between sleep stages or attentional levels. However, the specific effects of network state changes on the spatiotemporal properties of sensory responses are poorly understood. The slow oscillation, which is observed in neocortex under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia and is characterized by alter...

Interictal spikes (IS) are one of the major hallmarks of epilepsy. Understanding the factors promoting or suppressing IS would increase our comprehension of epilepsy and possibly open new avenues for therapy. Sleep strongly influences epileptic activity, and the modulatory effects of the different sleep stages on IS have been studied for decades. However, several aspects are still disputed, in ...

Sleep spindles are waxing and waning thalamocortical oscillations with accepted frequencies of between 11 and 16 Hz and a minimum duration of 0.5 s. Our research has suggested that there is spindle activity in all of the sleep stages, and thus for the present analysis we examined the link between spindle activity (Stage 2, rapid eye movement (REM) and slow wave sleep (SWS)) and waking cognitive...

The pineal hormone melatonin plays a major role in circadian sleep-wake rhythm. Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), especially those who are on hemodialysis, frequently suffer from sleep disturbances. In this review an overview is given of the classification of stages of chronic kidney disease, followed by a presentation of the circadian rhythm disorders in renal disease involving sleep...

Excessive fragmentary myoclonus (EFM) is a polysomnographic finding registered by the surface electromyography (EMG) and characterized as a result of the muscle activity consisting of sudden, isolated, arrhythmic, asynchronous and asymmetric brief twitches. The EMG potentials are defined by the exact criteria in The International Classification of the Sleep Disorders, 3rd edition and they appea...

This paper focuses on age-related change in sleep and improves our sleep estimation method by employing the feature of such relation between sleep stage and age. In particular, the wake stage increases as the age increases, while Non-REM stage decrease as the age increase. Using such distinctive features, we propose a new determination sleep stages, and introduce it into for our sleep estimatio...

The oral and nasal contributions to inhaled ventilation were simultaneously quantified during sleep in 10 healthy subjects (5 men, 5 women) aged 43 +/- 5 yr, with normal nasal resistance (mean 2.0 +/- 0.3 cmH(2)O. l(-1). s(-1)) by use of a divided oral and nasal mask. Minute ventilation awake (5.9 +/- 0.3 l/min) was higher than that during sleep (5.2 +/- 0.3 l/min; P < 0.0001), but there was no...

UNLABELLED Factors modifying the effect of environmental noise on sleep include sex, age, susceptibility, personality and the health status, including past and present history of disease. OBJECTIVE The effects of noise on sleep and habituation of sleep to noise were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1) The effect of noise on sleep is associated with physical changes, such as changes in he...