نتایج جستجو برای: skin sensitization
تعداد نتایج: 208578 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
A century ago, toxicology was an empirical science identifying substance hazards in surrogate mammalian models. Over several decades, these models improved, evolved to reduce animal usage, and recently have begun the process of dispensing with animals entirely. However, despite good hazard identification, translation into adequately assessed risks human health often has presented challenges. Un...
Background Sensitization to food allergens is supposed mostly to be caused by ingestion of the allergen. However, sensitization may also be initiated in the respiratory tract or through the skin. Little is known about sources and prevalence of food allergens in environmental samples. We aimed to describe the presence of food allergens in mattress dust from the homes of 13 year old Norwegian ado...
In the interest of reducing animal use, in vitro alternatives for skin sensitization testing are under development. One unifying characteristic of chemical allergens is the requirement that they react with proteins for the effective induction of skin sensitization. The majority of chemical allergens are electrophilic and react with nucleophilic amino acids. To determine whether and to what exte...
Development of risk assessment methods for skin sensitization in the absence of toxicological data generated in animals represents a major scientific and technical challenge. The first step in human skin sensitization induction is the transport of sensitizer from the applied dose on the skin surface to the epidermis, where innate immune activation occurs. Building on the previous development of...
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