BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The total body skeletal muscle mass plays a significant role in both health and disease states. Accurate measurement or prediction of muscle mass is useful in physiology, nutrition and clinical medicine. There are many prediction equations derived in the Western populations to estimate skeletal muscle mass, however, regression equations best fit the population they are d...

Loss of muscle mass, or sarcopenia, is nearly universal in cirrhosis and adversely affects patient outcome. The underlying cross-talk between the liver and skeletal muscle mediating sarcopenia is not well understood. Hyperammonemia is a consistent abnormality in cirrhosis due to impaired hepatic detoxification to urea. We observed elevated levels of ammonia in both plasma samples and skeletal m...

This manuscript summarizes and discusses adaptations of skeletal muscle vasculature induced by physical activity and applies this understanding to benefits of exercise in prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Arteriolar trees of skeletal muscle are heterogeneous. Exercise training increases capillary exchange and blood flow capacities. The distribution of vascular adaptation to dif...

Bone mass and skeletal muscle mass are controlled by factors such as genetics, diet and nutrition, growth factors and mechanical stimuli. Whereas increased mechanical loading of the musculoskeletal system stimulates an increase in the mass and strength of skeletal muscle and bone, reduced mechanical loading and disuse rapidly promote a decrease in musculoskeletal mass, strength and ultimately p...

The world's elderly population is expanding rapidly, and we are now faced with the significant challenge of maintaining or improving physical activity, independence, and quality of life in the elderly. Counteracting the progressive loss of muscle mass that occurs in the elderly, known as sarcopenia, represents a major hurdle in achieving these goals. Indirect evidence for a role of inflammation...

McAllister, T. A., J. R. Thompson, and S. E. Samuels. Skeletal and cardiac muscle protein turnover during cold acclimation in young rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 278: R705–R711, 2000.—The effect of long-term cold exposure on skeletal and cardiac muscle protein turnover was investigated in young growing animals. Two groups of 36 male 28-day-old rats were maintained ...

This manuscript summarizes/discusses adaptations of skeletal muscle vasculature induced by 25 physical activity and applies this understanding to benefits of exercise in prevention and treatment of type 26 2 diabetes (T2D). Arteriolar trees of skeletal muscle are heterogeneous. Exercise training increases 27 capillary exchange and blood flow capacities. The distribution of vascular adaptation t...

Energy allocation theory predicts that a lactating female should alter the energetic demands of its organ systems in a manner that maximizes nutrient allocation to reproduction while reducing nutrient use for tasks that are not vital to immediate survival. We posit that organ-specific plasticity in the function of mitochondria plays a key role in mediating these energetic trade-offs. The goal o...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the two monoclonal anti-cardiac troponin T (cTnT) antibodies (MAbs) used in the second generation cTnT assay by Boehringer Mannheim (BM, capture Ab, M11.7; detection Ab, M7) would detect cTnT isoforms expressed in human skeletal muscle in response to chronic renal disease (CRD). cTnT expression was examined in skeletal muscle biopsies obtained ...

The newly described uncoupling proteins, UCP2 and UCP3, may play a role in regulating energy expenditure (EE) in humans. GH deficiency (GHD) is associated with decreased lean body mass, increased adiposity, and reduced EE, which are reversed by GH treatment. In the present study we investigated whether GH treatment for 4 months influenced the expression of UCPs in skeletal muscle and adipose ti...