Electrical breakdown of cold (room temperature) metal-halide arc lamps typically occurs through the fill of a rare gas (at a pressure of tens of Torrs) and the vapour produced by the metal donor. Restarting a warm lamp is often made difficult by the high pressure of the metal and metal-halide vapours. To reliably start cold lamps with a minimum voltage and a minimum sputtering of the electrodes...

Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectra of the halorhodopsin (hR) photocycle have been collected from 3 micros to 100 ms in saturating concentrations of KCl or KBr. Kinetic analysis of these data revealed two decay processes, with time constants of tau(1) approximately 150 micros and tau(2) approximately 16 ms in the presence of either halide, with tau(2) describing t...

Perovskite-based tandem solar cells are of increasing interest as they approach commercialization. Here we use experimental parameters from optical spectroscopy measurements to calculate the limiting efficiency perovskite–silicon and all-perovskite two-terminal tandems, employing currently available bandgap materials, 42.0% 40.8%, respectively. We show luminescence coupling between subcells (th...

Over the past decade, impressive progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organometallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), coupled with their ready integration into tandem cells, has led them to approach PCEs 30% for a silicon bottom subcell. However, complementary technology perovskite/copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) been thus far unable reach similar values. Herein, further ...

"Film-through large perovskite grains formation via a combination of sequential thermal and solvent treatment" (2016). Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have recently attracted strong research interest for fabrication of high-performance, low-cost photovoltaic devices. Recently, we reported a highly reproducible procedure to fabricate high-performance organic–inor-ganic halide perovskite sol...

Two-dimensional (2D) layered hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite semiconductors form natural "multiple quantum wells" that have strong spin-orbit coupling due to the heavy elements in their building blocks. This may lead to "Rashba splitting" close to the extrema in the electron bands. We have used a plethora of ultrafast transient, nonlinear optical spectroscopies and theoretical calcul...

considering the positive effects of silicon on salinity resistance by some agricultural plants, an investigation was conducted with a completely randomized design of three replications. the main objective was to determine the effect of silicon on nutrient content and nitrate accumulation in lettuce. electrical conductivity was adjusted at 3 mmhos/cm through addition of nacl. silicon was added t...

The unique optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskites have triggered a new wave of excitement in materials chemistry during the past five years. Electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, and photoelectrochemistry could be viable tools both for analyzing the optoelectronic features of these materials and for assembling them into hybrid architectures (e.g., solar cells). At the same ti...