The Employment Effects of Low-Wage Subsidies Low-wage subsidies are often proposed as a solution to the unemployment problem among the low skilled. Yet the empirical evidence on the effects of low-wage subsidies is surprisingly scarce. This paper examines the employment effects of a Finnish payroll tax subsidy scheme, which is targeted at the employers of older, full-time, low-wage workers. The...

this study was conducted with different levels (0, 0.25, 0.5,1,2 g) of zingiber officinale powder per 100 g of common carp commercial diet. feed was offered for 8 weeks by the post pelleting liquid spraying method. results showed that there were significant differences in all growth parameters and body composition except in survival rate, gain weight percent (gw%) ,sgr and nfe between treatment...

400 one day-old broiler chicks were allocated on a randomized complete design experiment with five treatments consisting of four replications for 42 days. experiment treatments were included: 1 . based diet consist 20 percent barley (barley control), 2 . barley control + 0.1 percent of mixed essential oil (antibiofin), 3 . barley control + 0.2 percent organic acid, 4 . barley control + 15 ppm o...

We study the causal effects of digitizing work on information workers’ time-use and performance at a large insurance firm. We make causal inferences and obtain unbiased estimates by exploiting a quasi-experiment: the phased introduction of Electronic Document Management (EDM) across multiple offices at different dates. We apply a difference-in-differences methodology to econometrically measure ...

In this paper we empirically test whether public R&D subsidies crowd out private R&D investment in Flanders and Germany, using firm level data from the Flemish and German part of the Community Innovation survey (CIS III and IV). Both the non-parametric matching estimator and the conditional difference-in-difference estimator with repeated cross-sections (CDiDRCS) clearly indicate that the crowd...

This study assesses the influence of managerial responses to online customer reviews on product sales. We leverage a natural experiment provided by two online travel agencies. Both agents allow customers to post reviews on hotels, but only one of the travel agents allows hotel management to post managerial responses. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find that managerial responses h...