We develop improved statistical procedures for testing the null hypothesis of stochastic monotonicity. Stochastic monotonicity can be reformulated in terms of the concavity of cross-sections of a copula function; our test statistic is based on a empirical measure of departures from concavity. While existing tests of stochastic monotonicity deliver a limiting rejection rate equal to the nominal ...

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a cycle ergometer exercise program on exercise capacity and inspiratory muscle function in hospitalized patients with heart failure awaiting heart transplantation with intravenous inotropic support. Methods Patients awaiting heart transplantation were randomized and allocated prospectively into two groups: 1) Control Group (n=1...

Regardless of diet (semi-synthetic or lab chow) or strain (AGUS or SD), germ-free rats have tryptic activity in their faeces, whereas conventional rats never do. The activity in faeces from germ-free AGUS rats was significantly higher than from SD rats.

In a spin field effect transistor, a magnetic field is inevitably present in the channel because of the ferromagnetic source and drain contacts. This field causes random unwanted spin precession when carriers interact with non-magnetic impurities. The randomized spins lead to a large leakage current when the transistor is in the " off "-state, resulting in significant standby power dissipation....

Abstract. We prove local existence and uniqueness for the two-dimensional Prandtl system in weighted Sobolev spaces under the Oleinik’s monotonicity assumption. In particular we do not use the Crocco transform. Our proof is based on a new nonlinear energy estimate for the Prandtl system. This new energy estimate is based on a cancellation property which is valid under the monotonicity assumptio...

Since monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) was first described more than 30 years ago, the definition of the entity has evolved. Today, 3 distinct clinical MGUS subtypes have been defined: non-immunoglobulin M (IgM; IgG or IgA) MGUS, IgM MGUS, and light chain MGUS. Each clinical MGUS subtype is characterized by unique intermediate stages and progression events. Although we ...

Meta-analysis multiplicity, the concept of conducting multiple tests of statistical significance within one review, is an underdeveloped literature. We address this issue by considering how Type I errors can impact meta-analytic results, suggest how statistical power may be affected through the use of multiplicity corrections, and propose how meta-analysts should analyze multiple tests of stati...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAs) have identified thousands of DNA loci associated with a variety of traits. Statistical inference is almost always based on single marker hypothesis tests of association and the respective p-values with Bonferroni correction. Since commercially available genomic arrays interrogate hundreds of thousands or even millions of loci simultaneously, many causal ye...

Current numerical methods for assessing the statistical significance of local alignments with gaps are time consuming. Analytical solutions thus far have been limited to specific cases. Here, we present a new line of attack to the problem of statistical significance assessment. We combine this new approach with known properties of the dynamics of the global alignment algorithm and high performa...

We report on the likely detection of pulsed high-energy γ-rays from the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232 in 100-1000 MeV data from CGRO EGRET. Imaging analysis demonstrates that the highly significant γ-ray source 2EG J0220+4228 (∼ 10σ) is for energies > 100 MeV positionally consistent with both PSR J0218+4232 and the BL Lac 3C66A. However, above 1 GeV 3C66A is the evident counterpart ,...