In this study, we cross-correlate waveforms of ambient seismic noise between 6 and 100 sec to study the origin of ambient seismic noise. We use one year of data recorded at numerical stations located in Europe, North America, and southern Africa. We measure the signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of Rayleigh waves for positive and negative correlation time lags at periods of 8, 14, 25 and 50 sec to de...

Performance of a dual maximal ratio combining receiver has been analyzed for M-ary coherent and noncoherent modulations over independent Hoyt fading channels with non-identical fading parameter using classical probability density function (PDF) based approach. Analytical expressions for the PDF of the receiver output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) have been presented. Expressions of outage and ave...

Pulse oximetry measures the relative concentration of arterial oxygenated hemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin. This paper presents the design of a pulse oximeter, which measures the presence of a third substance, carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), by unfiltered LEDs at 660 nm, 810 nm, and 940 nm. Background information is given on the theory of pulse oximetry. Theoretical approximations and calculations w...

Abstract—Spectrum sensing is the main feature of cognitive radio technology. Spectrum sensing gives an idea of detecting the presence of the primary users in a licensed spectrum. In this paper we compare the theoretical results of detection probability of different fading environments like Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-m fading channels with the simulation results using energy detection based spec...

M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) is a spectrally efficient modulation scheme, used for video transmission applications in third and forthcoming generations of wireless networks. In the paper, the authors present a unified framework for the error performance of MQAM, employing L-branch equal-gain combining over generalised fading channels, such as Nakagami-m, Rice, Hoyt or Weibull. ...

M. Nezamzadeh, I. Cameron Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada Introduction: It is well known that pixel intensities of magnitude MR images are biased by Rician noise [1-4]. This is particularly noticeable for SNR ≤ 2. Rician noise bias corrections from the literature [2,3] work well for SNR > 2 but not for SNR < 2. Furthermore, th...

The beam is best represented by its distribution in the transverse phase space. In order to determine the transverse velocity distribution, either a pinhole or a thin slit may be used. The slit, however, is more often preferred in many experiments I4 for two,-dimensional phase-space measurement. A beam produced by a hot thermionic cathode or a beam which has existed in a space for a long period...