The "articulatory loop" for rehearsal of verbal materials in working memory has been shown not to be a unique hard-wired structure associated with spoken language. Specifically, a parallel rehearsal process for sign language occurs in fluent signers. Here we show that the same rehearsal process can occur for unfamiliar, nonmeaningful body movements. We conclude that working memory maintenance d...

A new sign language has been created by deaf Nicaraguans over the past 25 years, providing an opportunity to observe the inception of universal hallmarks of language. We found that in their initial creation of the language, children analyzed complex events into basic elements and sequenced these elements into hierarchically structured expressions according to principles not observed in gestures...

Support for Single Sign-On (SSO) is a frequently voiced requirement for Service-Oriented Computing. We discuss SSO strategies and approaches, their requirements and constraints. The two most prominent approaches in this field are presented, i.e. Microsoft Passport and Liberty Alliance. Because implementations of Liberty were not widely available and in order to understand the conceptual implica...

Despite the importance of sign language interpreting for many deaf students, there is surprisingly little research concerning its effectiveness in the classroom. The limited research in this area is reviewed, and a new study is presented that included 23 interpreters, 105 deaf students, and 22 hearing students. Students saw two interpreted university-level lectures, each preceded by a test of p...

OpenID is a user-centric and decentralized Single Sign-On system. It enables users to sign into Relying Partiesby providing an authentication assertion from an OpenID Provider. It is supported by many leading internet companies and there are over a billion accounts capable of using OpenID. We present a security analysis of OpenID and the corresponding extensions and reveal several vulnerabiliti...

Ontologies serve as a means for communication at a semantic level. However, to be able to effectively communicate it is first necessary to determine agreement about the ontological structures underlying the communication. For this purpose, we consider ontologies as semiotic sign systems that are used to communicate meaning. Then we propose a methodology for measuring the extents to which two on...

Three commerciallyavailablekitsfordetermining serum thyroxine (T4) by column were evaluated. Results with all were less than satisfactory, but a series of changes in the Oxford method resulted in increased reproducibility, substantially improved recovery, and extended linearity of the standard curve. Results compared well with the thyrometabolic status of patients and normal individuals. The 95...