This paper describes a practical stereo vision system for position measurement and recognition in an autonomous food-tray-carrying robot. Our food tray carrying robot delivers and collects food trays in medical care facilities. The vision system must position and recognize tables and trays for the robot to manipulate the trays. We have developed edge detectin techniques for the measurement of t...

The presence of callose in sieve plates has been known for a long time, but how this polysaccharide plug is synthesized has remained unsolved. Two independent laboratories have recently reported the identification of callose synthase 7 (CalS7), also known as glucan synthase-like 7 (GSL7), as the enzyme responsible for callose deposition in sieve plates. Mutant plants defective in this enzyme fa...

A dynamic impression is a functional impression that records the functional movement of the patient's own muscle and muscle attachment. This process reduces the number of random factors. This article describes a method for making a special tray using a dynamic impression concept that was made from provisional dentures used for implant healing. The individual tray is used to make a wash-impressi...

Since the first ultrastructural investigations of sieve tubes in the early 1960s, their structure has been a matter of debate. Because sieve tube structure defines frictional interactions in the tube system, the presence of P protein obstructions shown in many transmission electron micrographs led to a discussion about the mode of phloem transport. At present, it is generally agreed that P prot...

A simple steady state iterative solution of Münch pressure-flow in unbranched sieve tubes containing only water and sucrose is derived. The iterative equations can be solved on a programmable desk calculator. Solutions are presented for steady state transport with specific mass transfer rates up to 1.5 x 10(-5) mole second(-1) centimeters(-2) (= 18.5 grams hour(-1) centimeters(-2)) over distanc...

It has been known for more than a century that sieve plates in the phloem in plants contain callose, a β-1,3-glucan. However, the genes responsible for callose deposition in this subcellular location have not been identified. In this paper we examine callose deposition patterns in T-DNA insertion mutants (cs7) of the Callose Synthase 7 (CalS7) gene. We demonstrated here that the CalS7 gene is e...

The sieve element occlusion (SEO) gene family originally was delimited to genes encoding structural components of forisomes, which are specialized crystalloid phloem proteins found solely in the Fabaceae. More recently, SEO genes discovered in various non-Fabaceae plants were proposed to encode the common phloem proteins (P-proteins) that plug sieve plates after wounding. We carried out a compr...

Arrhenius plots of translocation velocity as a function of petiole temperature show a marked increase in temperature dependence below 10 C in bean (a chilling-sensitive species) but not in sugar beet (chilling-resistant). The increased temperature dependence below 10 C was not observed for cytoplasmic streaming or oxygen uptake in bean. Bean petioles were served to release pressure in order to ...

By using lactose colored with erythrocin, we examined the effect of particle size on mixing degree during the preparation of triturations with a mortar and pestle. We used powders with different distributions of particle sizes, i.e., powder that passed through 32-mesh but was trapped on a 42-mesh sieve (32/42-mesh powder), powder that passed through a 42-mesh sieve but was trapped on a 60-mesh ...

Soybean (Glycine max cv. Bragg) petiolar tissue containing translocated (14)C-sucrose was quick frozen, freeze-substituted in acetone or propylene oxide and embedded in Epon. This procedure allowed cytological observations on sieve elements whose functional condition could be verified by microautoradiography. Sieve elements and companion cells were essentially free of ice damage. Aside from a P...