Watch or even think of someone biting into a juicy lemon and your saliva will flow. This is a phenomenon of resonance, best described by the Perception-Action Model, where a physiological state in a person is activated through observation of this state in another. Within a broad framework of empathy, including manifold abilities depending on the Perception-Action link, resonance has been propos...

Case 1—To facilitate examination, a 3-year-old female reticulated giraffe was given 100 mg of xylazine intramuscularly, by use of a pole syringe. Within 4 minutes the giraffe was sedated, with its head lowered and tongue protruding. Salivation was minimal. Ataxia was marked during the next 30 minutes, precluding any handling attempts. After 32 minutes the giraffe collapsed to sternal recumbency...

Transmission of non-persistent plant viruses is related to aphid behaviour during superficial brief probes. A widely accepted hypothesis postulates that virus acquisition occurs during ingestion of plant cell contents, and inoculation during egestion or regurgitation of previously ingested sap. Although conceptually attractive, this ingestion-egestion hypothesis has not been clearly demonstrate...

Induction and recovery characteristics of isoflurane anaesthesia were compared with halothane anaesthesia during outpatient myringotomy and placement of Sheely ventilation tubes in 101 unpremedicated children. Compared with halothane, isoflurane resulted in prolonged induction times and inferior induction scores due to increased salivation, coughing, breathholding and laryngospasm. However, whe...

OBJECTIVE It is well documented that clozapine treatment causes agranulocytosis, but it can also induce drowsiness, constipation, and hypersalivation; however, these symptoms are usually less severe. It has been reported that clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia and psychiatric healthcare professionals consider different side effects to be important. The aim of this study was to assess...

The effects of equivalent doses of atropine and hyoscine following oral and i.m. administration were assessed on salivary secretion, heart rate, arterial pressure, body temperature, pupillary size, near-point of vision and sweat-gland activity. The ratio of oral to i.m. doses of atropine on heart rate and salivary secretion appears to be 2:1 and that of hyoscine on salivary secretion about 5-6:...

The effect of sodium valproate 1200 mg daily on the disability of Parkinsonism and on levodopa-induced dyskinesia was assessed in a double-blind crossover trial with matched placebo in 12 patients with Parkinson's disease. No objective change in the severity of Parkinsonism or dyskinesias was noted. However, six out of nine patients who completed the trial noted a slight to moderate improvement...

People robustly associate various sound attributes with specific smells/tastes, and soundtracks that are associated with specific tastes can influence people's evaluation of the taste of food and drink. However, it is currently unknown whether such soundtracks directly impact the eating experience via physiological changes (an embodiment account), or whether they act at a higher cognitive level...

Chick poisoning induced by oral administration of toxic fish tissues or extracts gave rise to internal hypersalivation, decrease in weight and acute motor ataxia. Detoxification was low and repeated administration therefore led to toxin accumulation. Response of the chicken to liver feeding was roughly quantitative; so liver, which is the most potential toxic tissue, may be used for a preventiv...

OBJECTIVE To investigate cephalic phase responses (CPRs) in women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa and to test the assumption that eating disordered individuals respond with more marked CPRs and higher increases in psychophysiological arousal to the presentation of food cues. METHOD Thirteen female inpatients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa were compared to 15 non-eating disordered female volunt...