This article provides an updated report on functional bracing for anterior shoulder instability. A classification of shoulder braces is reintroduced into three separate types. Type A braces limit shoulder motion to a "safe zone," whereas types B and C apply indirect and direct stabilizing forces to the joint, respectively. Thirteen of the most widely available braces were surveyed and the param...

BACKGROUND Altered neuromuscular control due to compromised joint position sense may contribute to recurrent shoulder instability. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to examine whether individuals with anterior shoulder instability exhibit larger shoulder position sense errors than those with healthy shoulders in both passive matching and active positioning. DESIGN This was a be...

Purpose: Sub-acromial impingement syndrome [SIS] is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain, which affects shoulder joint proprioception. Closed kinetic chain [CKC] exercises with a Sling are more effective and safer than open kinetic chain [OKC] exercises. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of OKC and Sling exercises [TRX] on shoulder sense position joints in overhead athletes w...

[Purpose] This study compared the use of the Maitland mobilization and Kaltenborn mobilization techniques for improving pain and range of motion in patients with frozen shoulders. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 20 patients with frozen shoulder who visited Hospital H, Ulsan, Korea. The subjects were divided randomly into two groups to receive Maitland or Kaltenborn mobilization to the ...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze test-retest reliability of an active range of motion test using a manual goniometer by unskilled examiners. [Subjects and Methods] Active range of motion was measured in 30 students attending U university (4 males, 26 females). Range of motion during flexion and extension of the shoulder and hip joints were measured using a manual goniometer. [...

BACKGROUND Posterior shoulder tightness, as demonstrated by limited internal rotation range of motion, is a suggested factor in many shoulder pathologies. Methods to increase posterior shoulder mobility may be beneficial. HYPOTHESIS Shoulder internal rotation range of motion will not change with either of 2 interventions: cross-body stretch alone and cross-body stretch plus posterior capsule ...