An accurate multiple-scattering model has been employed to examine the effect of an aerosol layer at 25 mb, corresponding to the El Chichon observations, on the reflection, transmission and absorption of radiation by the stratosphere as a function of latitude, optical thickness and aerosol size distribution. Results are presented and parameterized for each of two wavelength intervals in the sho...

The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model was run over South-east Australia from 1985 through 2008. The model used the following physics schemes: WRF Single Moment 5-class microphysics scheme; Rapid Radiative Transfer Model longwave radiation scheme; Dudhia shortwave radiation scheme; Monin-Obukhov surface layer similarity; Noah land-surface scheme; Yonsei University boundary layer scheme a...

The investigation of the coupled atmosphere-ocean system is not only scientifically challenging but also practically important. We consider a coupled atmosphere-ocean model, which involves hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, and random atmospheric dynamics due to short time influences at the air–sea interface. We reformulate this model as a random dynamical system. First, we have shown that the asym...

[1] We have used satellite-based broadband radiation observations to construct a longterm continuous 1985–2005 record of the radiative budget components at the top of the atmosphere for the tropical region (20 S–20 N). On the basis of the constructed record we have derived the most conservative estimate of their trends. We compared the interannual variability of the net radiative fluxes at the ...

South-eastern Australia covers approximately 14% of Australia land mass, and is very important for Australia’s community and economy. In this work, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional model was run to simulate the severe drought that happened and then (partially) recovered in this region from 2000 through 2008. The model used the following physics schemes: WRF Single Moment 5-cl...

[1] Multiple data sets, mostly from satellite observations, are used to evaluate the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) in simulating the distribution and evolution of aerosol, clouds, precipitation and chemistry during the dry season in South America. A 9‐day WRF‐Chem simulation with 36 km horizontal resolution is performed from 15 to 24 Septemb...

The new double-moment microphysics scheme described in Part I of this paper is implemented into a single-column model to simulate clouds and radiation observed during the period 1 April–15 May 1998 of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) and First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment–Arctic Clouds Experiment (FIRE–ACE) field projects. Mean predi...

To evaluate and improve the treatment of clouds and radiation by the climate models of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), simulations by the NCAR Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3), as well as the recently released Community Atmosphere Model version 2 (CAM2), are examined. The Rasch and Kristjánsson prognostic cloud condensate scheme, which is now the standard scheme for...

Satellite observations of temperature, water vapor, precipitation and longwave radiation are used to characterize the variation of the tropical hydrologic and energy budgets associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). As the tropical oceans warm during an El Niño event, the precipitation intensity, water vapor mass, and temperature of the tropical atmosphere are observed to increas...