This paper is a first step towards articulating a Chinese version of ecological civilization construction (short for ECC). Three major intellectual sources of ecological civilization are identified and the constraints from resources and environment on economic development are emphasized. The concept framework of ECC contains four aspects: the subjects, the objects, the means and the scope. The ...

In this paper, an economic production quantity (EPQ) inventory model with interruption in process, scrap and rework is developed and analyzed. The inventory model is for multiple products and all products are manufactured in a unique machine. Obviously, the existence of only one machine results in limited production capacity and shortages. Therefore, shortages are permitted and fully backordere...

In this paper we develop an economic order quantity model to investigate the optimal replenishment policies for instantaneous deteriorating items under inflation and trade credit. Demand rate is a linear function of selling price and decreases negative exponentially with time over a finite planning horizon. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. Under these conditions, we model the ret...

Regional diversity Geographically large and home to a substantial proportion of the world’s population, the region includes substantial diversity in culture, language, economic maturation and demography. Most nations share problems such as ageing populations, increasing complexity of disease, workforce shortages, a need for increasing technology and accelerating costs. Some project substantial ...