The departure of particle distributions from the Maxwellian is commonly observed in space plasmas. These non-Maxwellian which are typical for plasmas that not thermal equilibrium, can be modeled with ?-distribution. Kinetic simulations quasi-parallel collisionless shocks show proton distribution a composite thermal, suprathermal, and non-thermal parts. By using particle-in-cell shock simulation...

In this paper, a (2+1)-dimensional Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon–Kotera–Sawada system is investigated in fluid mechanics via the symbolic computation. With help of Hirota method, we derive some singular soliton, shock-wave, breather-stripe soliton and hybrid solutions. Based on finite difference get numerical one-soliton We graphically show shock-wave solutions, observe that solutions are explosive unsta...

The spectrum of cosmic ray protons and electrons released by supernova remnants throughout their evolution is poorly known, because the difficulty in accounting for particle escape confinement downstream a shock front, where both adiabatic radiative losses are present. Here we calculate during supernovae different types, from upstream particles advected liberated at later times. same calculatio...

background and aim: horseshoe placenta is a variant of ring-shaped placenta. ring-shaped placenta is a rare anomaly seen in fewer than 1 in 6000 deliveries, which could be seen as horseshoe shape due to atrophy in a portion of the ring. this report refers to a possible relationship between the horseshoe shape placenta and preterm labor; although it has not been yet validated in the literature. ...

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Abstract. Magnetosheath jets are regions of high dynamic pressure, which can traverse from the bow shock towards magnetopause. Recent modelling efforts, limited to a single jet and set upstream conditions, have provided first estimations about how parameters behave as function position within magnetosheath. Here we expand earlier results by doing statistical investigation dimensions their lifet...

Abstract Asteroid 2008 TC 3 impacted the Earth's atmosphere with a known shape and orientation. Over 600 meteorites were recovered at recorded locations, including of nonureilite type. From where in asteroid did these stones originate? Here, we reconstruct meteor lightcurve study breakup dynamics 3‐D hydrodynamic modeling. Two fragmentation regimes are found that explain strewn field. As long a...

In this paper we put forward a mechanism in which imploding shock waves emit electromagnetic radiation in the spectral region λ0 = 2πR0., where R0 is the radius of the shock by the time it is first formed. The mechanism relies on three different pieces of Physics: Maxwell’s equations, the existence of corrugation instabilities of imploding shock waves and, last but not least, the Inertial Polar...

Butterfly eyespots are complex morphological traits that can vary in size, shape and color composition even on the same wing surface. Homology among eyespots suggests they share a common developmental basis and function as an integrated unit in response to selection. Despite strong evidence of genetic integration, eyespots can also exhibit modularity or plasticity, indicating an underlying flex...

We demonstrate that extensive electrochemical shock–electrochemical cycling induced fracture–occurs due to coherency stresses arising from first order cubic-to-cubic phase transformations in the spinels LiMn2O4 and LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4. Electrochemical shock occurs despite the isotropy of the shape changes in these materials. This electrochemical shock mechanism is strongly sensitive to particle size...