P.D. Seymour proved that the cut criterion is necessary and sufficient for the solvability of the edgedisjoint paths problem when the union of the supply graph and the demand graph is planar and Eulerian. When only planarity is required, M. Middendorf and F. Pfeiffer proved the problem to be NP-complete. For this case E. Korach and M. Penn proved that the cut criterion is sufficient for the exi...

We study the problem of polynomial identity testing (PIT) for depth 2 arithmetic circuits over matrix algebra. We show that identity testing of depth 3 (ΣΠΣ) arithmetic circuits over a field F is polynomial time equivalent to identity testing of depth 2 (ΠΣ) arithmetic circuits over U2(F), the algebra of upper-triangular 2× 2 matrices with entries from F. Such a connection is a bit surprising s...

This article discusses the fabrication of planar and nonplanar 3D paper microfluidic circuits through the use of patterned spray adhesive application and origami techniques. The individual paper layers are held together via semi-permanent adhesive bonds without the need for external clamps. Semi-permanent bonds accommodate the repeated folding and unfolding required by complex origami device st...

In this paper, the lensing functions and imaging abilities of a quasi-periodic nanohole array in a metal screen have been theoretically investigated and demonstrated. Such an optical binary mask with nanoholes designed in an aperiodic arrangement can function as an ultra-thin planar optical lens, imaging complex structures composed of multiple light sources at tens of wavelengths away from the ...

due to the expected increase of defects in circuits based on deep submicron technologies, reliability has become an important design criterion. although different approaches have been developed to estimate reliability in digital circuits and some measuring concepts have been separately presented to reveal the quality of analog circuit reliability in the literature, there is a gap to estimate re...

This paper presents two methods for determining the complex antenna factor (CAF) of a shielded loop antenna for HF magnetic field measurements. A circuit model is introduced to apply the field-transferred 3-antenna method to double-loaded shielded loop antennas. In addition, a new 3-antenna method is proposed, where theoretical calculation and circuit measurement are combined. Experiments are m...

Astrocytes - a prominent glial cell type in the brain form networks that tightly interact with brain's neuronal circuits. Thus, it is essential to study modes of such interaction if we aim understand how neural circuits process information. Thereby, calcium elevations, primary signal astrocytes, propagate adjacent neighboring cells and directly regulate communication. It mostly unknown astrocyt...

The possibility to selectively modulate the charge carrier transport in semiconducting materials is extremely challenging for the development of high performance and low-power consuming logic circuits. Systematical control over the polarity (electrons and holes) in transistor based on solution processed layer by layer polymer/graphene oxide hybrid system has been demonstrated. The conversion de...

Topological surface states of three-dimensional topological insulator nanoribbons and their distinct magnetoconductance properties are promising for topoelectronic applications quantum computation. A crucial building block nanoribbon-based circuits three-terminal junctions. While the transport on a planar boundary is not directly affected by an in-plane magnetic field, orbital effect cannot be ...

The mechanism of anion transport through the phosphate-starvation inducible OprP-channel of Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane was studied in planar lipid bilayer membranes. The single-channel conductance of OprP was 160 pS in 100 mM chloride solution. Addition of other anions, in particular of phosphate, di and tribasic anions lead to a strong decrease of the chloride conductance. The decre...