the research was conducted in order to determine the bending stress, young’s modulus, shearing stress, and shearing energy of safflower stalk as a function of moisture content and stalk region. the bending forces were measured at different moisture contents and the bending stress and the young’s modulus were calculated from these data. for measuring the shear forces, the stalk specimens were se...

Dispersed particle gel (DPG) has been first successfully prepared using cross-linked gel systems through a simple high speed shearing method with the aid of a colloid mill at room temperature. The gel microstructure and particle size were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The results clea...

We present experiments on slow shear flow in granular materials. Under appropriate conditions shear localizes in narrow shear zones. We demonstrate that when the shear zone crosses a material boundary, it refracts in accordance with Snell's law in optics-an effect first found in simulations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 018301 (2007)]. The shear zone is the one that minimizes the dissipation rate upon ...

The controlled synthesis of nonspherical microparticles using microfluidics processing is described. Polymer droplets, formed by shearing a photopolymer using a continuous water phase at a T-junction, were constrained to adopt nonspherical shapes by confining them using appropriate microchannel geometries. Plugs were obtained by shearing the polymer phase at low shear rates, while disks were ob...

We demonstrate a new dual-quadrature spectral shearing interferometry technique appropriate for spectral phase characterization of arbitrary optical waveforms generated by line-by-line shaping of high-repetition- rate (approximately 10 GHz) optical frequency combs. Spectral shearing interferograms are generated through sum-frequency mixing of the frequency comb field with a pair of reference to...

Though still in use today, the method of the effective shearing force to evaluate the maximum shear stress in variable depth beams does not stand close scrutiny. It can lead to overestimating the shearing strength of these beams, although it is suggested as a viable procedure by many otherwise excellent codes of practice worldwide. This paper should help to put the record straight. It should wa...

2014 For a nematic in simple shear it has been shown that the asymptotic form of the apparent viscosity for large shearing force can be predicted. This prediction is obtained from two reasonable simplifying assumptions. It is shown here that the same form for the apparent viscosity is also valid for other viscometric flows, provided the appropriate measure of the shearing force is chosen. The r...

Free-space propagation can be described as a shearing of the Wigner distribution function in the spatial coordinate; this shearing is linear in paraxial approximation but assumes a more complex shape for wide-angle propagation. Integration in the frequency domain allows the determination of near-field diffraction, leading to the well known Fresnel diffraction when small angles are considered an...

The transport behavior of water molecules inside a model carbon nanotube is investigated by using nonequilibrium molecular dynamcis (NMED) simulations. The shearing stress between the nanotube wall and the water molecules is identified as a key factor in determining the nanofluidic properties. Due to the effect of nanoscale confinement, the effective shearing stress is not only size sensitive b...