-Elongated shapes of garnets in high-grade metamorphic rocks have been explained as a result of plastic crystal flow or anisotropic growth. In the case of lowto medium-grade metamorphic rocks, a satisfactory explanation has not been proposed yet for elongated garnets. We have studied elongated garnets grown under lowgrade metamorphic conditions in a shear zone with a composite planar-linear fab...

Yielding transitions in athermal amorphous materials undergoing steady-state shear flow resemble critical phenomena. Historically, they have been described by the Herschel-Bulkley rheological formula, which implies singular behaviors at yield points. In this paper, I examine this class of phenomena using an elementary version of the thermodynamic shear-transformation-zone (STZ) theory, focusing...

Aging phenomena in the plastic response of amorphous solids are studied within the theory of shear transformation zones (STZs), which describes the kinetic rearrangement of localized defects in response to external stress. To account for the slow, nonequilibrium dynamics after a quench below the glass transition temperature, two possible models are considered. In the first model, transition rat...

Simple homogeneous shear flows of frictionless, deformable particles are studied by particle simulations at large shear rates and for differently soft, deformable particles. Particle stiffness sets a time-scale that can be used to scale the physical quantities; thus the dimensionless shear rate, i.e. the inertial number I (inversely proportional to pressure), can alternatively be expressed as i...

There are increasing amounts of evidence that earthquake rupture is a mixed process between what is called frictional slip failure and fracture of intact rock mass. In fact, there is a strong possibility that what is called a 'barrier' or 'asperity' on earthquake faults is a local patch of high rupture growth resistance whose strength equals the strength of intact rock. In addition, the lithost...

The distribution of the wall shear stress on the bed and sidewalls of an open channel receiving lateral inflow was obtained from experimental measurements of the distribution of the velocity in the viscous sublayer using a laser doppler velocimeter. The experiments were conducted in a 0.4 m wide by 7.5 m long flume. Lateral inflow was provided into the channel from above via sets of nozzles pos...

The Core Zone of the Southeastern Churchill Province, northeastern Laurentia, is a composite of Paleoproterozoic lithotectonic domains assembled in the vise between obliquely colliding Archean Superior and North Atlantic cratons between ca. 1860 and 1810 Ma. Detailed geological and U–Pb geochronological studies of domains in the southern Core Zone highlight significant differences in Archean an...

Monolayer two-dimensional (2D) crystals exhibit a host of intriguing properties, but the most exciting applications may come from stacking them into multilayer structures. Interlayer and interfacial shear interactions could play a crucial role in the performance and reliability of these applications, but little is known about the key parameters controlling shear deformation across the layers an...