The relationships between fluid shear stress, a physiologically relevant mechanical force in the circulatory system, and pinocytosis (fluid-phase endocytosis) were investigated in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells using a specially designed apparatus. Continuous exposure to steady shear stresses (1-15 dyn/cm2) in laminar flow stimulated time- and amplitude-dependent increases in pinocyto...

As shown three decades ago, in situations where the initial stresses before buckling are not negligible compared to the elastic moduli, the geometrical dependence of the tangential moduli on the initial stresses must be taken into account in stability analysis, and the stability or bifurcation criteria have different forms for tangential moduli associated with different choices of the finite st...

Monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were activated with 50 U/mL interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) for 3 hours and simultaneously conditioned with shear stresses of 0, 0.68, or 13.2 dyne/cm(2) in a parallel-plate flow chamber. In the presence of an inflow buffer containing 100 nmol/L factor X and 10 nmol/L factor VII, production of factor Xa, a measure of functional tissue factor (...

The Schmid law, which is accurate for face-centered-cubic (fcc) metals, assumes that only the shear stress acting in the slip plane in the slip direction controls the plastic deformation. Hence, it is implicitly assumed that the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for the slip is not affected by any other components of the applied stress tensor. This rule is almost ubiquitously utilized in la...

a 5th order shear deformation theory considering transverse shear deformation effect as well as transverse normal strain deformation effect is presented for static flexure   analysis of simply supported isotropic plate. the assumed displacement field accounts for non-linear variation of in-plane displacements as well as transverse displacement through the plate thickness. the condition of zero ...

Chondrocytes and osteoblasts experience multiple stresses in vivo. The optimum mechanical conditions for cell health are not fully understood. This paper describes the optical and microfluidic mechanical manipulation of single suspended cells enabled by the μPIVOT, an integrated micron resolution particle image velocimeter (μPIV) and dual optical tweezers instrument (OT). In this study, we exam...

We investigate recovery of through-the-thickness transverse normal and shear strains and stresses in statically deformed functionally graded (FG) doubly-curved sandwich shell structures and shells of revolution using the generalized zigzag displacement field and the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). Three different through-the-thickness distributions of the volume fractions of constituents and...

We use time-resolved interferometry, fluorescence assays and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to examine the viability of confluent adherent cell monolayers to selection via laser microbeam release of photoresist polymer micropallets. We demonstrate the importance of laser microbeam pulse energy and focal volume position relative to the glass-pallet interface in governing the thre...

Dilute Laponite suspensions in water at low salt concentration form repulsive colloidal glasses which display physical aging. This phenomenon is still not completely understood and in particular, little is known about the connection between the flow history, as a determinant of the initial state of the system, and the subsequent aging dynamics. Using a stress controlled rheometer, we perform st...

The rheology of bubble-bearing suspensions is investigated through a series of three-dimensional boundary integral calculations in which the effects of bubble deformation, volume fraction, and shear rate are considered. The behaviour of bubbles in viscous flows is characterized by the capillary number, Ca, the ratio of viscous shear stresses that promote deformation to surface tension stresses ...