The rheology and shear-induced structures of a series of self-assembled surfactant worm-like micelles (WLMs) with varying levels of branching are measured using rheoand flow-small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The degree of branching in the mixed cationic/anionic surfactant (CTAT/SDBS) WLMs is controlled via the addition of the hydrotropic salt sodium tosylate and verified by cryo-TEM. The l...

We showed that luminal flow stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production in thick ascending limbs. Ion delivery, stretch, pressure, and shear stress all increase when flow is enhanced. We hypothesized that shear stress stimulates NO in thick ascending limbs, whereas stretch, pressure, and ion delivery do not. We measured NO in isolated, perfused rat thick ascending limbs using the NO-sensitive dye D...

Numerical simulations of pulsatile blood flow through a symmetrical branch modeling the aortic bifurcation were carried out to assess several hemodynamic theories of atherogenesis by comparing the distribution of hemodynamic variables with that of early lesions in arterial branches. Considerable spatial and temporal variations in wall shear were found when the flow was pulsatile; the highest va...

The present study aimed to identify threshold shear stresses to cause benthic invertebrates to drift in boundary shear layers. Laboratory experiments were carried out in a small tilting flume, 10 cm wide and 3 m long with a closed recirculation system and a fixed sand bottom of uniform grain size. Benthic invertebrates from different orders (Achaeta, Gastropoda, Crustacea, Ephemeroptera, Odonat...

In the present investigation, a mathematical model is developed to study the flow of blood in a multiple stenosed artery employing velocity slip condition under the externally applied transverse magnetic field. Blood is modeled as Herschel-Bulkley fluid to represent the non-Newtonian character of blood in small blood vessels. The expressions for wall shear stress, volumetric flow rate, axial ve...

The migration of vascular endothelial cells under flow can be modulated by the addition of chemical or mechanical stimuli. The aim of this study was to investigate how topographic cues derived from a substrate containing three-dimensional microtopography interact with fluid shear stress in directing endothelial cell migration. Subconfluent bovine aortic endothelial cells were seeded on fibronec...

Increased construction activity and associated receiving water concerns in the Greater Toronto Area has prompted this study to advance our knowledge on cohesive sediment transport processes in rivers and lake environments. Flow characteristics in a rotating circular flume at the National Water Research Institute (NWRI), Burlington, Ontario were studied using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)...

We present a numerical simulation study of a simple monatomic Lennard-Jones liquid under shear flow, as a function of both temperature T and shear rate .gamma. By investigating different observables we find that (i) there exists a line, T(.gamma), in the (T-(.gamma)) plane that sharply marks the border between an "equilibrium" and a "shear-controlled" region for both the dynamic and the thermod...

Momentum transfer between the main channel and the side flood plains tends to increase the floodplain shear whereas the main channel shear decreases. The increase and decrease in shear are greatly influenced when a compound channel is with non-prismatic flood plains. In converging compound channels water flow on the floodplain crosses over water flow in the main channel, resulting in increased ...

The mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites are significantly affected by spatial ordering of nanoparticles (NPs) which can be modified under shear flow fields. Polymer-grafted iron oxide NPs form strings, well-dispersed, and percolated anisotropic nanostructures depending on grafting density, and herein their mechanical properties under large oscillatory shear flows are reported. We sh...