Cocoa butter is the pure butter extracted from cocoa beans and is a major ingredient in the chocolate industry. Global production of cocoa is in decline due to crop failure, diseases and ageing plantations, leading to price fluctuations and the necessity for the industry to find high quality cocoa butter alternatives. This study explored the potential of a wild mango (Mangifera sylvatica), an u...

This study identified and explored the sensory characteristics that drive consumer liking of butter. A trained descriptive panel evaluated 27 commercial butters using a defined sensory language. Two focus groups were conducted with butter consumers to gain an understanding of consumer use and consumption habits. Six representative butters and 2 vegetable oil spreads were selected for consumer a...

We utilize isotherm models in contributing to scholarly knowledge in simple terms, to measure the forces or energy defining certain adsorption phenomenon. Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrophotometer detector (GCMS) was utilized to measure equilibrium phase atrazine after adsorption onto Shea nut Shells (SS) acid derived activated carbon. Data were fitted into the D-R and Temkin i...

Butter is a high-cost oil, so it sometimes sold by mixing margarine being cheaper oil manufacturers. Fake butter has negative effects on both the health of consumers and economy. In our study, some traditional modern methods were applied for detection fake butter. Three samples consisting pure (PB), (PM), half-mixed butter-margarine (BM) mixture examined. The physical chemical properties these ...

In this paper we present embeddings of complete binary trees into butter y networks with or without wrap-around connections. Let m be an even integer and q = m+ blogmc 1. We show how to embed a 2q+1 1-node complete binary tree T (q) into a (m + 1)2m+1node wrap-around butter y Bw(m+1) with a dilation of 4; and how to embed T (q) into a (m+2)2m+2-node wrap-around butter y Bw(m+2) with an optimal ...

A multistate outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium recently occurred in the USA, which was traced back to various food products made with contaminated peanut butter. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of radio-frequency (RF) heating to inactivate S. Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in peanut butter cracker sandwiches using creamy and chunky commercial pea...