statement of the problem: optical properties of the composite resins, concerning their translucency and thickness, are affected by discolored tooth structure or inherent darkness of the oral cavity. purpose: this study aimed to compare the translucency parameter (tp) of five different composite resins in different thicknesses and to evaluate their masking ability in black backgrounds. materials...

The brief presentation of a visual display, although clearly visible when shown by itself, can be rendered invisible by the subsequent presentation of a second visual display in the same location. Recent studies of backward masking of this kind have revealed several new effects that are not predicted by standard theories of masking. Among these are masking by four small dots that surround but t...

Schizophrenic patients consistently demonstrate performance deficits on visual masking procedures. Visual masking can occur through two distinctly different mechanisms: interruption and integration. One highly effective way to limit the masking mechanism to interruption is to use a mask that surrounds, but does not spatially overlap, the target. These procedures are called paracontrast and meta...

Three experiments measured the effects of age on informational masking of speech by competing speech. The experiments were designed to minimize the energetic contributions of the competing speech so that informational masking could be measured with no large corrections for energetic masking. Experiment 1 used a "speech-in-speech-in-noise" design, in which the competing speech was presented in n...

The majority of music in the world employs multiple concurrent parts. Among these parts, the upper-most part or voice often carries the melody. Considering the upward spread of auditory masking patterns, one might think the high-voice melodies are conflicting with masking theory. In this paper, we investigate the mutual masking effects of concurrent highand low-pitched complex tones. In additio...

Contrast masking was studied psychophysically. A two-alternative forced-choice procedure was used to measure contrast thresholds for 2.0 cpd sine-wave gratings in the presence of masking sine-wave gratings. Thresholds were measured for 11 masker contrasts spanning three log units, and seven masker frequencies ranging +/- one octave from the signal frequency. Corresponding measurements were made...

Viewers can recognize the gist of a scene (i.e., its holistic semantic representation, such as its category) in less time than a single fixation, and backward masking has traditionally been employed as a means to determine that time course. The masks used in those paradigms are often characterized by either specific amplitude spectra only, or amplitude and phase spectra-defined structural prope...

An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016.
 Re-published (with minor modifications, mainly the cross-references) from JAIS 17 (2017): 484-91.