ACE inhibitors are considered first line of treatment in patients with many forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Other antihypertensives such as calcium channel blockers achieve similar therapeutic effectiveness in attenuating hypertension-related renal damage progression. Our objective was to explore the value of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of renal AT1 receptor (AT1R) to guid...

Although immune functions are markedly depressed in males and not in proestrous females following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H), the mechanisms responsible for the divergent responses remain unknown. Because sex steroids modulate the activation of p38, our aim was to determine whether differences in the activation of p38 by phosphorylation (p38-P) might contribute to the sex-dimorphic immune response...

Induction of a focal freeze lesion to the skullcap of a 1-day-old rat pup leads to the formation of microgyria similar to those identified postmortem in human dyslexics. Rats with microgyria exhibit rapid auditory processing deficits similar to those seen in language-impaired (LI) children, and infants at risk for LI and these effects are particularly marked in juvenile as compared to adult sub...

Hypoxia Ischemia (HI) refers to the disruption of blood and/or oxygen delivery to the brain. Term infants suffering perinatal complications that result in decreased blood flow and/or oxygen delivery to the brain are at risk for HI. Among a variety of developmental delays in this population, HI injured infants demonstrate subsequent memory deficits. The Rice-Vannucci rodent HI model can be used ...

this paper reviews the literature on the translation of 'doublets'and reports a product-oriented descriptive study on the translation of doublets in the corpus of study, three persian books translated into english: bizhun & manizha (an epic poetry), selected poems divan-e from shams-e tubrizi and man and his destiny (a religious text). these books vary in genre and cover a lime span o...

during a faunistic survey on mites associated with fruit trees in birjand region (south khorasan province) in 2010, specimens of two injurious mites were collected. using literature, specimens were identified and confirmed by dr. o. seeman (australia). as a result, two species, namely schizotetranychus sayedi attiah, 1967 collected from fig, almond, grape, apple and apricot in fodaj, alghorat, ...

Pigs continue to grow in importance as a tool in neuroscience. However, behavioral tests that have been validated in the rodent model do not translate well to pigs because of their very different responses to behavioral stimuli. We refined metrics for assessing porcine open field behavior to detect a wide spectrum of clinically relevant behaviors in the piglet post-traumatic brain injury (TBI)....

yS-Amino proprionitrile (BAPN) at dietary concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 g BAPN/kg rat chow was administered to rats for 14-21 days following surgical constriction of the ascending aorta. Five and 10 g BAPN/kg rat chow prevented the increase in left ventricular collagen content which occurred with cardiac hypertrophy in rats following aortic constriction. In spite of this block in the increase ...

Age-dependent threshold and superthreshold behaviors of ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage were investigated with one hundred ten 12.6 +/- 0.8-d-old rats, one hundred ten 22.9 +/- 0.8-d-old rats, and one hundred 57.7 +/- 3.9-d-old rats. Exposure conditions were: 2.8 MHz, 10-s exposure duration, 1-kHz pulse repetition frequency and 1.3-mus pulse duration. The in situ (at the pleural surface) pea...

BACKGROUND Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) has been shown to have a potential for apparently reversible side effects related to the interaction of ultrasound with the contrast microbubbles, including premature ventricular contractions and microvascular leakage. We investigated the potential for high-dose MCE to induce histologically definable microlesions. METHODS Myocardial contra...