The rapid rise of shale gas development through horizontal drilling and high volume hydraulic fracturing has expanded the extraction of hydrocarbon resources in the U.S. The rise of shale gas development has triggered an intense public debate regarding the potential environmental and human health effects from hydraulic fracturing. This paper provides a critical review of the potential risks tha...

subsea structures such as manifolds, line pipes and flow lines are important investments. also because of the sensitivity of environmental issues, corrosion of these structures is of vital importance. subsea corrosion management is different from on-shore and shallow water off-shore corrosion management in mainly three factors: materials, corrosion management practice and cathodic protection. t...

Using an optimization technique, we derived subsurface properties of coastal and oceanic waters from measured remote-sensing reflectance spectra. These data included both optically deep and shallow environments. The measured reflectance covered a spectral range from 400 to 800 nm. The inversions used data from each 5-, 10-, and 20-nm contiguous bands, including Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Se...

3 Shallow embedding of HyperCTL* 3 3.1 Kripke structures and paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.2 Shallow representations of formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.3 Reasoning rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.4 More derived operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

[1] Excavating into the shallow Martian subsurface has the potential to expose stratigraphic layers and mature regolith, which may hold a record of more ancient aqueous interactions than those expected under current Martian surface conditions. During the Spirit rover’s exploration of Gusev crater, rover wheels were used to dig three trenches into the subsurface regolith down to 6–11 cm depth: R...

Abstract Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) enables detailed investigation of surface landslide movements, but it cannot provide information about subsurface structures. In this work, InSAR measurements were integrated with seismic noise in situ to analyse both the and characteristics a complex slow-moving exhibiting multiple failure surfaces. The body involves town around 6000 in...

High-resolution tomographic images obtained from crosshole geophysical measurements have the potential to provide valuable information about the geostatistical properties of unsaturated-zone hydrologic-state variables such as moisture content. Under drained or quasi-steady-state conditions, the moisture content will reflect the variation of the physical properties of the subsurface, which deter...

Integration of seismic, gravity and magnetic data revealed variations in crustal architecture along the Yucatan passive continental margin. The crust beneath salt basin is ~10 km thick primarily a lower crust. In contrast, Campeche thicker comprises both upper layers. These explain strikingly different tectonic histories these basins outlined by previous authors. rifting margin was associated w...