Until recently, optical processes in shallow water, where a large portion of solar photons penetrate to the ocean floor, has received little attention outside of a relatively small number of modeling and remote sensing investigations. In the open ocean, scales of variability in relation to optical attenuation length often permit the treatment of the inwater light field as a one-dimensional, dep...

Spatial patterns of species body size across major environmental gradients are being quantified for terrestrial organisms, but similar efforts are largely lacking for marine invertebrates. Bathymetry represents a major environmental gradient in the oceans, and existing theoretical models predict that species body size should decrease with increasing depth, especially for deep-sea species. Previ...

In shallow water environments, matched-field processing (MFP) and matched-mode processing (MMP) are proven techniques for doing source localization. In these environments, the acoustic field propagates at long range as depth-dependent modes. Given a knowledge of the modes, it is possible to estimate source depth. In MMP, the pressure field is typically sampled over depth with a vertical line ar...

Ecological speciation probably plays a more prominent role in diversification than previously thought, particularly in marine ecosystems where dispersal potential is great and where few obvious barriers to gene flow exist. This may be especially true in the deep sea where allopatric speciation seems insufficient to account for the rich and largely endemic fauna. Ecologically driven population d...

There is a close connection between saltwater intrusion into aquifers and groundwater extraction. Freshwater extraction in coastal aquifers is one of the most important reasons for the saltwater intrusion into these aquifers. Condition of extraction system such as well depth, discharge rate, saltwater concentration and etc. could affect this process widely. Thus, investigating different extract...

This paper presents automatic methods for the classiication of dialog acts. In the verbmobil application (speech-to-speech translation of face-to-face dialogs) maximally 50 % of the utterances are analyzed in depth and for the rest, shallow processing takes place. The dialog component keeps track of the dialog with this shallow processing. For the classiication of utterances without in depth pr...

Shallow landslides, triggered by extreme rainfall, are a significant hazard in mountainous landscapes. The hazard posed by shallow landslides depends on the availability and strength of colluvial material in landslide source areas and the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events. Here we investigate how the time taken to accumulate colluvium affects landslide triggering rate in the So...

Background & Objectives: Tumor diathesis (TD) is defined as granular proteinaceous precipitates on slide surface of cytologic smears. It is found in the background of smears of invasive carcinoma but not in all cases. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of TD in cervicovaginal smears from patients with uterine cervix carcinoma. Methods: Cytological smears and histological ...

This study was undertaken to survey impacts of bottom trawling on distribution and diversity of gastropods of the Bahrakan Fishing Area (BFA), of the northwestern coasts of the Persian Gulf. Gastropod samples were collected from depths of 6m and 10m at 18 randomly selected stations in three occasions, right before the opening of shrimp trawling seasonand two weeks and 3 months after the fish...