Shadow detection in real scene images is always a challenging but yet interesting area. Most shadow detection and segmentation methods are based on image analysis. This paper aimed to give a comprehensive and critical study of current shadow detection methods. Various approaches have been discussed related to shadow detection in images. The principles of these methods rely on intensity differen...

Markets are increasingly used as information aggregation mechanisms to predict future events. If policymakers and managers use markets guide policy managerial decisions, interested parties may attempt manipulate the market in order influence decisions. We study experimentally willingness of base decisions on under shadow manipulation. find that when there manipulators market, under-utilize reve...

This paper demonstrates a robust maximum entropy approach to estimating flexible-form farm-level multi-input/multi-output production functions using minimally specified disaggregated data. Since our goal is to address policy questions, we emphasize the model’s ability to reproduce characteristics of the existing production system and predict outcomes of policy changes at a disaggregate level. M...

The stock markets are sentiment driven markets. Human psychology plays an important part in deciding the market movements. Usually three types of sentiments are seen in the stock markets, namely bullish, neutral and bearish. The Bullish sentiment indicates that the buyers are more than sellers and the buyers are confident about the market, so they outnumber sellers causing the market prices to ...

We are concerned with user selection and resource allocation in wireless networks for semi-elastic applications such as video conferencing. While many packet scheduling algorithms have been proposed for elastic applications, and many user selection algorithms have been proposed for inelastic applications, little is known about optimal user selection and resource allocation for semielastic appli...

Appropriate assessment of the social value of market access is at the core of a broad range of inquiries in trade research. A selection include: the appraisal of industry-level production and consumption distortions due to selective trade liberalization and partial tax reform; the construction of national-level quantity indicators of market access consistent with welfare change, and the use of ...

Image may contain shadow, which can lead to serious problem for full exploitation of image. This paper proposes A Novel Processing Chain to solve this problem. The main aim of this chain process is not only detect shadow region form image but also remove shadow region and reconstruct shadow less image. In this chain process, initially we classified shadow vs. nonshadow region by using binary cl...

Precise estimates of price elasticities are important for alcohol tax policy. Using meta-analysis, this paper corrects average beer elasticities for heterogeneity, dependence, and publication selection bias. A sample of 191 estimates is obtained from 114 primary studies. Simple and weighted means are reported. Dependence is addressed by restricting number of estimates per study, author-restrict...

OBJECTIVES The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), the main primary healthcare provider for 4.9 million Palestinian refugees, spent USD18.3 million on essential medicines dispensed free-of-charge through clinics in five areas of operation ('fields'): Gaza, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank (2010). Faced with budget contraints and an in...