Les réseaux sociaux recourent, pour modérer les contenus, à un répertoire de stratégies inédites qui échappent aux catégories traditionnelles la censure : rendre invisibles sans supprimer. Le pouvoir ainsi exercé sur l’accès visibilité est d’autant plus difficile contrôler qu’il reste inaperçu.

According to Microsoft, over one-third of all data loss is the result of accidental file deletion or modification (Microsoft, 2003). The Volume Shadow Copy Service is a Windows operating system service that archives key data and system settings. This allows Windows 7 and Windows Vista to recover from accidental data deletion and from destabilizing events, such as a virus attack or the incorrect...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) with considering the best condition for each decision making unit (DMU) assesses the relative efficiency for it and divides a homogenous group of DMUs in to two categories: efficient and inefficient, but traditional DEA models can not rank efficient DMUs. Although some models were introduced for ranking efficient DMUs, Franklin Lio & Hsuan peng (2008), proposed a...

The oblique spike or contrast edge seen by an off-summit observer on a mountain shadow when the sun is low is shown to be a perspective effect that depends on the observer's position within the shadow. The degree of visibility of the shadow is due to contrast effects between differently illuminated aerosols. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate these points.

Author Samuli Laine Title Efficient Physically-Based Shadow Algorithms This research focuses on developing efficient algorithms for computing shadows in computer-generated images. A distinctive feature of the shadow algorithms presented in this thesis is that they produce correct, physicallybased results, instead of giving approximations whose quality is often hard to ensure or evaluate. Light ...