Hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study water allocation in cell compartments of sun and shade leaves. NMR spectra of Acer platanoides were resolved into two peaks that were assigned to chloroplast and nonchloroplast water. Sun leaves contained 1.7 times more water per unit area of surface than shade leaves, and the water was allocated differently. Chloroplasts in s...

INTRODUCTION Shade is one of the most important attributes when evaluating the success of a restoration. Several factors can influence the visual shade matching process, and therefore the outcome of the final restoration. OBJECTIVES 1. to assess the importance of clinical experience on shade matching accuracy; 2. to assess the influence of two standard light sources on the ability to match sh...

At high vegetation density, shade-intolerant plants sense a reduction in the red (660 nm) to far-red (730 nm) light ratio (R/FR) in addition to a general reduction in light intensity. These light signals trigger a spectrum of morphological changes manifested by growth of stem-like tissue (hypocotyl, petiole, etc.) instead of harvestable organs (leaves, fruits, seeds, etc.)-namely, shade avoidan...

AIM To evaluate the ability of dental students to match shades under three various light conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty senior dental students participated in this study. All students were tested for color deficiency using Ishahara's tests. Nine classical vita shade tabs were randomly selected and their identification codes were concealed. The students were asked to match these 9 sel...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present investigation is to identify tooth shade among a group of Sudanese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total number of patients was 227. Participant's age ranged from 15 to 72 years, which, was divided into four groups. The tooth included in the study was either right or left sounds maxillary central incisor. Vita Easyshade was used to select the tooth shade. Inve...

Plants respond to proximate neighbors with a suite of responses that comprise the shade avoidance syndrome. These phytochrome-mediated responses include hyponasty (i.e. a more vertical orientation of leaves) and enhanced stem and petiole elongation. We showed recently that ethylene-insensitive tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants (Tetr) have reduced responses to neighbors, showing an important ro...

Spectral shade ratios, defined as the ratios of the spectral irradiances on horizontal and sun normal planes in the tree shade to those on a horizontal plane in sunlight, were calculated. These planes were in the shade of an isolated medium canopy density tree and a sparse canopy density tree at the tree shade sites of the centre, edge and trunk. The sun normal plane was employed as there are s...

Background/Purpose: This paper has considered the erythemal UV (UVery), UVA and visible irradiances in the shade of Australian trees for each season at a sub-tropical southern hemisphere site. Methods: The irradiances in tree shade have been measured with radiometers as a percentage of the irradiances in the sun for each season of the year. Results: Although the solar irradiances are lower in w...

Visual shade matching has remained a skill acquired through clinical experience. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shade matching ability of dental students as they progress through their education. Sixty-five students, representing four levels of experience by year enrolled in dental school, participated in this study. Students were given a preclinical shade tab matching task. They...

The acclimation responses of walnut leaf photosynthesis to the irradiance microclimate were investigated by characterizing the photosynthetic properties of the leaves sampled on young trees (Juglans nigraxregia) grown in simulated sun and shade environments, and within a mature walnut tree crown (Juglans regia) in the field. In the young trees, the CO(2) compensation point in the absence of mit...