Gender issues in epilepsy–—The science of why it is special Epilepsy is recognized as one of the most common serious neurological disorders in the world. During the last years, one has become increasingly aware that epilepsy has different implications for life and well-being in men and women. People with epilepsy experience several gender-related physical and social problems and the last decade...

Behavioral endocrinology is the scientific study of the interaction between hormones and behavior. This interaction is bidirectional: hormones can affect behavior, and behavior can feedback to influence hormone concentrations. Hormones are chemical messengers released from endocrine glands that influence the nervous system to regulate the physiology and behavior of individuals. Over evolutionar...

Superior performance by women on a task requiring object location memory has challenged the traditional view that men excel on all spatial tasks. Sexual orientation is also associated with variation in cognitive ability pattern, but such association appears to be more consistent for a real-world targetting task than for paper-and-pencil spatial tests. Finally, there is increasing evidence that ...

INTRODUCTION Chronic renal failure is associated with endocrine abnormalities, which in some cases cause polyendocrinopathy responsible for the symptoms and complications. The consequence of secondary hyperparathyroidism is not only bone disease but may be cardiovascular disorders, peripheral nerve damage and impact on the level of sex hormones. THE AIM To evaluate the interactions between pa...

Previous research suggests that sexual stimuli increase testosterone (T) in women and shows inconsistent effects of sexual arousal on cortisol (C), but effects of cognitive aspects of arousal, rather than behaviors or sensory stimuli, are unclear. The present study examined whether sexual thoughts affect T or C and whether hormonal contraceptive (HC) use moderated this effect, given mixed findi...

Timing is everything when trying to land a mate. In many species, female receptivity tomale sexual advances is synchronized to fertility and is mediated by steroid hormones produced in the gonads, such as oestrogens. How these hormones tune neural circuits to transition females to mate-seeking mode is unclear. In a series of elegant experiments, neuroscientist Jenna McHenry and colleagues in Ga...

Steroids play fundamental roles regulating mammalian reproduction and development. Although sex steroids and their receptors are well characterized in vertebrates and several arthropod invertebrates, little is known about the hormones and receptors regulating reproduction in other invertebrate species. Evolutionary insights into ancient endocrine pathways can be gained by elucidating the hormon...

It is well established that steroid hormones regulate sexual behavior in vertebrates via organizational and activational effects. However, whether the organizational/activational paradigm applies more broadly to the sexual behavior of other animals such as insects is not well established. Here we describe the hormonal regulation of a sexual behavior in the seasonally polyphenic butterfly Bicycl...