Abstract Resource allocation to reproduction can change depending on size, as predicted by the size-dependent sex allocation. This theory is based fact that small individuals will invest in of with lower cost production, usually male gender. In plants, there are some andromonoecy species, presence hermaphrodite and flowers same individual. Andromonoecy provides a strategy optimally allocate res...

Abstract Background Cellular sex has rarely been considered as a biological variable in preclinical research, even when the pathogenesis of diseases with predictable differences is studied. In this perspective, proteomics, and “omics” approaches general, can provide powerful tools to obtain comprehensive cellular maps, thus favoring discovery still unknown sex-biased physio-pathological mechani...

Research on delay discounting has contributed to the understanding of numerous addiction-related phenomena. For example, studies have shown that substance dependent individuals discount their addictive substances (e.g., cocaine) more rapidly than they do other commodities (e.g., money). Recent research has shown that substance dependent individuals discount delayed sex more rapidly than delayed...

Evolutionary theory predicts that dioecious species should produce a balanced primary sex ratio maintained by frequency-dependent selection. Organisms with environmental sex determination, however, are vulnerable to maladaptive sex ratios, because environmental conditions vary spatio-temporally. For reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination, nest-site choice is a behavioural materna...