participation of people in their cities and neighborhoods has always been emphasized by researchers and experts in order to improve the quality of citizens’ life and having efficient urban management. however, it seems that providing participation contexts at local level by citizens needs preparations and substrates that facilitate participation. in the meantime, establishing a neighborhood man...

The kind invitation that I received from the organisers of this conference to contribute a paper surveying the history of present-day computers (the title suggested was "The Emerging Computer Industry Technology") immediately put me in mind of an earlier invitation. This was one that I received in 1990, out of the blue, from Professor I.B. Cohen, Harvard University's very eminent historian of s...

The paper introduces cycles cross ratio, which extends the classic ratio of four points to various settings: conformal geometry, Lie spheres etc. Just like its counterpart is a measure anharmonicity between with respect inversion. It also provides M\"obius invariant distance spheres. Many further properties awaiting their exploration. In abstract framework new can be considered in any projectiv...