We investigate the approximability of the NPO PB complete problems Min Ones Min Dones Max Ones Max Dones and Max PB Programming We show that unless P NP these problems are not approximable within n for any where n is the number of variables in the input Since all of these problems are approximable within n this lower bound is close to optimal

Author Contributions:Dr Hampton had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design:Hampton, Alexander, Budnitz. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data:Hampton, Daubresse, Chang, Budnitz. Drafting of the manuscript:Hampton. Critical revision of the manuscript for importan...

Does a participatory, open-ended organizational format inspire creativity and draw on participants' local knowledge? Many nonprofits operate under this assumption, and many of their financial sponsors agree, and therefore demand precise accounts documenting the nonprofits' "participatory" formats. In the U.S. youth civic engagement projects described here, the practice of accounting itself had ...

The Transportation Research Forum, founded in 1958, is an independent, nonprofit organization of transportation professionals who conduct, use, and benefit from research. Its purpose is to provide an impartial meeting ground for carriers, shippers, government officials, consultants, university researchers, suppliers, and others seeking exchange of information and ideas related to both passenger...

The aim of this paper is to highlight the issue of managerial competencies and competency model in industrial enterprises. This paper builds upon the theory of knowledge processing and its role as a theoretical basis for knowledge development in the area of managerial competencies. Managerial competencies are becoming one of the key building blocks of success in a company to achieve both the mi...

The rise of the for-profit hospital industry has opened a debate about the level of community benefits provided by non-profit hospitals. Do nonprofits provide enough community benefits to justify the community's commitment of resources to them, and the tax-exempt status they receive? If nonprofit hospitals convert to for-profit entities, would community benefits be lost in the transaction? This...