we consider the class $mathfrak m$ of $bf r$--modules where $bf r$ is an associative ring. let $a$ be a module over a group ring $bf r$$g$, $g$ be a group and let $mathfrak l(g)$ be the set of all proper subgroups of $g$. we suppose that if $h in mathfrak l(g)$ then $a/c_{a}(h)$ belongs to $mathfrak m$. we investigate an $bf r$$g$--module $a$ such that $g not = g'$, $c_{g}(a) = 1$. we stud...

A ring is called a Gelfand ring (pm ring ) if each prime ideal is contained in a unique maximal ideal. For a Gelfand ring R with Jacobson radical zero, we show that the following are equivalent: (1) R is Artinian; (2) R is Noetherian; (3) R has a finite Goldie dimension; (4) Every maximal ideal is generated by an idempotent; (5) Max (R) is finite. We also give the following resu1ts:an ideal...

In this paper, we define topological hyperrings and study their basic concepts which supported by illustrative examples. We show some differences between topological rings and topological hyperrings. Also, by the fundamental relation $\Gamma^{*}$, we indicate the role of complete parts (saturated subsets) and complete hyperrings in topological hyperrings and specially we show that if every (clo...

hot rolling of a large ring of titanium alloy (lrt) is a highly nonlinear incremental forming process with coupled mechanical and thermal behaviors (mtbs) which significantly affect microstructure and properties of the ring. the feed rate of idle roll and the rotational speed of driver roll have major effects on ovality of the ring. in this paper, the effects of these parameters on the ovality ...

an ideal i of a ring r is called right baer-ideal if there exists an idempotent e 2 r such that r(i) = er. we know that r is quasi-baer if every ideal of r is a right baer-ideal, r is n-generalized right quasi-baer if for each i e r the ideal in is right baer-ideal, and r is right principaly quasi-baer if every principal right ideal of r is a right baer-ideal. therefore the concept of baer idea...

here, we propose an add-drop and a channel drop filter based on two-dimensional photonic crystal all circular ring resonators. these structures are made of a square lattice of silicon rods with the refractive index n1=3.464 surrounded by air (with refractive index n2=1). the broadest photonic band gap occurs at the filling ratio of r/a = 0.17. two linear defect w1 waveguides couple to the ring....

this paper presents an e-ring shaped printed monopole antenna for uwb applications with dual notched bands performance. in order to generate single frequency band notch function, we applied a u-ring shaped monopole antenna, and by inserting a rectangular ring in the centre of it an e-ring shaped radiating patch created and a dual band-notch function can be achieved. the measured bandwidth of th...

The sealing performance of end fittings is very important for offshore oil and gas pipelines. To investigate the sealing behavior of a ring-shaped wedge seal, global and local numerical models of the ring–pipe interaction have been developed based on the finite-element method. First, the sealing process of the ring under pressure is simulated. Second, a criterion for the penetration of fluid pr...

emph{ Smooth Projective Hash Functions } ( SPHFs ) as a specific pattern of zero knowledge proof system are fundamental tools to build many efficient cryptographic schemes and protocols. As an application of SPHFs, emph { Password - Based Authenticated Key Exchange } ( PAKE ) protocol is well-studied area in the last few years. In 2009, Katz and Vaikuntanathan described the first lattice-based ...

In this study, B12N12 Nano ring has been selected because it consist of four 6-side rings and polar bonds B-N which in comparison with non-polar bonds C-C, is more suitable for the study of the absorption of other compounds. So reactivity and stability of Benzene alone and in the presence B12N12 nano ring field checked. To determine the non-bonded interaction energies between Benzene and B12N12...