BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This paper describes the CT findings that characterize the middle and inner ear anomalies in coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia, mental retardation, genitourinary, and ear anomalies (CHARGE) syndrome. With this information, neuroradiologists will be better prepared to provide clinically relevant information to their referring physicians regarding this rare syndrome....

Electrophysiological measurement of the eye rotation axis using stimulation a single semicircular canal nerve showed that rotated around perpendicular to plane stimulated canal. Therefore, affected can be identified by analyzing in cases abnormal nystagmus. When main component nystagmus is horizontal, origin lateral torsional, anterior and/or posterior The excitatory quite same as inhibitory ny...

SUMMARY Although sciences and techniques have been significantly developed, many patients are still suffering from diagnostic and therapeutic problems of vestibular system, specially vertigo. Perhaps, these problems are not solved yet mostly because the neurophysiology of vestibular system and the stimulation mechanisms of the receptors are not known. This difficulty, intum, causes some a mbig...

Small, beautifully formed and locked in the skull, the vestibular organs continuously bombard the brain with messages. The messages are quite unlike any others. They tell of accelerations, how the head is rotating and translating and its orientation in space. The messages never stop and cannot be turned off. Even when we are completely motionless, they signal the relentless pull of gravity. Per...

The vestibular system maintains the body's sense of balance and, therefore, was probably subject to strong selection during evolutionary transitions in locomotion. Among mammals, bats possess unique traits that place unusual demands on their vestibular systems. First, bats are capable of powered flight, which in birds is associated with enlarged semicircular canals. Second, many bats have enlar...