Cognitive Linguistics has been widely used to deal with the ambiguity generated by words in combination. Although this domain offers many solutions to address this challenge, not all of them can be implemented in a computational environment. The Dynamic Construal of Meaning framework is argued to have this ability because it describes an intrinsic degree of association of meanings, which in tur...

During the past decades, intensivists have learned how to care for critically ill patients and enable many to survive illnesses that previously would have been fatal. For example, the mortality rates associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and with sepsis have both declined markedly during this interval. 1 Improved short-term survival has resulted not only from better underst...

As part of a European Commission-funded research project on medical image analysis, we have developed a system aimed at solving a real clinical problem: the outlining of the target volume and organs at risk for three-dimensional conformal radiation treatment planning. The clinical requirement is to make this process less tedious and time-consuming. We show how object-oriented design techniques ...

The intensity of agriculture has increased significantly during the past 30 years, resulting in increased detection of agricultural contaminants (nutrients, pesticides , salts, trace elements, and pathogens) in groundwater. Till, glaciolacustrine, and loess deposits of Quaterna-ry age compose the most common surficial deposits underlying agricultural areas in North America. Quaternary aquitards...

stomach endoscopy due to gastritis was referred to our department because of an eruption on her face, which had started during the procedure. Due to the fright− ening appearance of the lesions, the pa− tient and the endoscopist failed to com− plete the procedure. On dermatologic ex− amination, hundreds of pin−head−sized red macules on the face, oral mucosa, and neck were seen (l" Figure 1). Sub...

copists have enabled detection of laryn− geal and pharyngeal cancer at an early stage, especially in Japan [1 ±3]. In addi− tion, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dis− section (ESD) [4] have recently been used for treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer at an early stage. In this report, we de− scribe for the first time a case of early− stage laryngeal carcinoma that was ...

T he long-term vascular response to coronary stenting can involve transformation of an otherwise benign neo-intima to one that resembles de novo atherosclerosis in an unstented vessel. The neointima may be infiltrated by foamy macrophages, undergo neovascularization, and develop unstable thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFA) that contribute to neointimal disruption and thrombus formation in situ, simi...

an elevated lesion covered with normal mucosa is observed during endoscopy, the endoscopist would be suspicious of the presence of a mass underneath the mucosa and calls it a subepithelial lesion (SEL). However, SEL may be a true intramural mass underneath the mucosa or an extralumi-nal compression mimicking an intramural mass. For the evaluation of SEL, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is cons...

weight loss and diffuse abdominal pain that was worse after meals. She had a his− tory of diabetes, hypertension, chronic re− nal insufficiency and chronic lymphatic leukemia. Palpation of the right lower ab− dominal quadrant was painful. Labora− tory investigations, abdominal ultra− sound, and a barium enema of the colon revealed no relevant abnormalities. At gastroduodenoscopy an atypical are...

The main conclusions with regard to the design of Tradable Green Certificate (TGCs) systems for the penetration of renewable energy are as follows. Any design of a national promotion system based on TGCs should: • Provide substantial pressure to actors in the market without making it impossible to reach their goals. • Provide sufficient security for investors; provide a stable and predictable g...