Two studies examined interactions of implicit power motivation and experimentally varied victory or defeat in a contest on implicit learning of a visuomotor sequence associated with the contest outcome and changes in testosterone and self-reported affect. In men and women, power motivation predicted enhanced learning (sequence-execution accuracy) after a victory and impaired learning after a de...

Social status in lek-breeding species is highly correlated with mating success. Reproductive failure of subordinates may be caused either by direct aggression by dominant males or by induced physiological changes. We hypothesized that recent social status (winning or losing an encounter with another male) affects the production of courtship sounds in male Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossamb...

Aim Adaptive radiation, in which successful lineages proliferate by exploiting untapped niche space, provides a popular but potentially misleading characterization of evolution on oceanic islands. Here we analyse the respective roles members situ diversified vs. non-diversified shaping main ecosystems an archipelago to explore relationship between evolutionary and ecological ‘success’. Location...

In various animal taxa, prior experience of contests influences the consequences subsequent contests. A well-known example is winner and loser effects, in which winners have a higher winning probability, whereas losers become more likely to lose Previous studies suggested that intensity past also affects future probability two ways: modulating extent winner–loser effect or decreasing both loser...

Social living animals need to adjust the expression of their behavior to their status within the group and to changes in social context and this ability (social plasticity) has an impact on their Darwinian fitness. At the proximate level social plasticity must rely on neuroplasticity in the brain social decision-making network (SDMN) that underlies the expression of social behavior, such that t...

Economic disruptions (techonological change, trade liberalization, immigration flows) generally create winners and losers, i.e., wage gains for some individuals losses others. The compensation problem consists of designing a reform the existing income tax system that offsets wefare by redistributing winners. We derive closed-form formula compensating its impact on government budget when only di...