The study of the Bulgarian statehood developed from raising question its barbaric and early class character to determining feudal definition. However, this characteristic itself does not clarify essence processes that took place mechanism real formation medieval society. It is known that, an important role in these was played by military estate with specific culture. Therefore, absence full–fle...

Abstract Ornamental adornment of the Kharraqan tomb towers, most outstanding funeral monuments Seljuk era in NW Iran, and those four best-preserved Seljuq brick minarets northern documents artistic canon pre-glaze stage Iranian Islamic architecture. Despite some later interruptions, these their plain-brick ornaments, as well ‘virtually interlaced’ stand at beginnings a rich development that led...

The battle at the river of Sangarios, near bridge Zompe, is generally treated in framework internal uprisings and rebellions that marred empire eleventh century. However, it was more decisive than Mantzikert (1071) sense victory Frankish chieftain Roussel drastically diminished numbers imperial armies, leaving easternmost provinces open to constant raiding unrestrained plundering by Seljuk Turk...

This article examines “the three great tekkes (dervish logde)” of Seyitgazi as cases rare monumental rural building complexes the Ottoman architecture. These religious structures, commenced to be established around “Veli”, “Alp-eren”, “Gazi” identities in 13th century within Seljuk boundaries have been used centers affiliated Alevi and Bektashi belief since classical period. Within context this...

Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital as one of the World heritage monuments on UNESCO’s list was subject research. More precisely, focus architecture acoustic characteristics hospital built in 1228/1229 by Mengüjeck dynasty, a branch Anatolian Seljuks. For analysis purposes, 3D model created, simulation conducted. The results show that architectural fulfill standards for good reception sound audie...

The review is devoted to the «Second International Seljuk Historical and Geographical Symposium Iran (II. Uluslararası Selçuklu Tarihi Coğrafyası İran Sempozyumu)», which was held on October 13–15, 2022 in Konya (Republic of Turkey) basis Center for Research Culture Civilization University Nacmettin Erbakan (Selçuklu Kültür Ve Medeniyeti Uygulama Araştırma Merkezi Necmettin Üniversitesi) with s...